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ZOOLONE > CELL > Flashcards

CELL Flashcards

1
Q

All organisms are made out of this, simplest collection of alive matter, related to their descent, can differ from one to another

A

Cell

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2
Q

Light passes through a specimen, then to glass lenses in order to refract light and magnify the image (1000x)

A

Light microscope

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3
Q

Types of electron microscope

A

Scanning, transmission

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4
Q

Used to view subcellular structures

A

Electron microscope

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5
Q

The type of electron microscope used to view the surface of the specimen, 3d image

A

Scanning electron microscope

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6
Q

The type of electron microscope to view internal structures

A

Transmission electron microscope

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7
Q

Take cells apart and separate the major organelles from one to another and enables scientists to determine their function

A

Cell fractionation

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8
Q

Cell fractionation process

A

Suspension
Centrifuge
Aspirate

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9
Q

Basic features of a cell

A

Plasma membrane, semifluid substance (cytosol), chromosomes, ribosomes

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10
Q

No nucleus, dna is found at the nucleoid, no membrane bound organelles, cytoplasm bound by plasma membrane

A

Prokaryotic cells

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11
Q

Dna is in a membranous nuclear envelope, membrane bound organelles, has cytoplasm and cytosol

A

Eukaryotic cells

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12
Q

Selective barrier that allows a sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients and waste to service the volume of every cell

A

Plasma membrane

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13
Q

Parts of the phospholipid bilayer

A

Hydrophobic lipids
Hydrophilic phosphorus heads

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14
Q

Information central, connected to the er and the most conspicuous organelle.

A

Nucleus

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15
Q

Encloses the nucleus, separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

A

Nuclear envelope

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16
Q

Located in the nucleus, may vary in numbers, site of ribosomal RNA synthesis.
Has pores that regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus

A

Nucleolus

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17
Q

Composed of proteins that maintains nucleus shape

A

Nuclear lamina

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18
Q

Protein factories, made out of ribosomal RNA and protein, 2 locations of synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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19
Q

Site of synthesis of free ribosomes

A

Cytosol

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20
Q

Site of synthesis of bound ribosomes

A

ER and nuclear envelope

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21
Q

requires protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell

A

Endomembrane system

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22
Q

Endomembrane system organelles

A

nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane

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23
Q

biosynthetic factory, more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells. continuous with nuclear envelope.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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24
Q

synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies, stores calcium ions.

A

SMOOTH ER

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25
Q

have bound ribosomes and secretes glycoproteins, distributes transport vesicles, membrane factory

A

ROUGH ER

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26
Q

secretory proteins surrounded by membranes

A

transport vesicle

27
Q

shipping/receiving center of the cell, modifies products of ER, manufactures certain macromolecules. Sorts/ packages materials into transport vesicles.

A

golgi apparatus

28
Q

flattened membranous sacs of the golgi apparatus

A

cisternae

29
Q

receiving stage of the golgi apparatus

A

Cis face

30
Q

shipping stage of the golgi apparatus

A

Trans Face

31
Q

digestive compartments of the cells

A

Lysosomes

32
Q

membranous sacs of hydrolyzed enzymes that can digest macromolecules. shares the food

A

Lysosomes

33
Q

makes the acidic environment for the lysosomes

A

lysosomal enzymes

34
Q

enzymes made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

hydrolytic and lysosomal enzymes

35
Q

Lysosome’s way of digesting food

A

Phagocytosis

36
Q

diverse maintenance compartments, large vesicles derived from ER and Golgi apparatus

A

Vacuoles

37
Q

Types of Vacuoles

A

food vacuole
contractile vacuole
central vacuole

38
Q

for phagocytosis

A

food vacuole

39
Q

used by fresh water protists to pump out water from the cell

A

contractile vacuole

40
Q

native to plants, hold organic compounds and water

A

central vacuole

41
Q

two organelles tat change energy from one from to another. double membraned, contain free ribos

A

mitochondria and chloroplast

42
Q

cellular respiration site and uses oxygen to generate atp

A

mitochondria

43
Q

plants/algae, sites of photosynthesis

A

chloroplast

44
Q

this is where an early ancestor of eukaryotes engulfed oxygen using non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cells, it evolved to have a mitochondria. it later engulfed a photosynthetic prokaryote which later evolved to have a chloroplast

A

endosymbiont theory

45
Q

chemical energy conversion, smooth outer membrane

A

Mitochondria

46
Q

folded inner membrane, intermembrane space, mitochondrial matrix that has free ribosomes

A

cristae

47
Q

specialized metabolic compartments, produces hydrogen peroxide and convert to water, relation with other organelles is still unknown

A

peroxisomes

48
Q

network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell. Help support the stages of the cell. help support and maintain the shapes of the cell.

A

cytoskeleton

49
Q

thickest of the 3 types of cytoskeleton, hollow tubes, maintains the cell shape, cell motility, chromosome movement in cell division, organelle movement.

A

Microtubules

50
Q

The centrosome has a pair of centrioles. Each with 9 triplets of _____ arranged in a ring

A

Microtubules

51
Q

Under Microtubules, microtubules control its beating. microtubule-containing extensions that project from some cells

A

Cilia and flagella

52
Q

motion of flagella

A

straight line

53
Q

motion of Cilia

A

uses power stoke and recovery strokes

54
Q

A motor protein, which drives the bending movements of a cilium or flagellum

A

dynein

55
Q

How dynein “walking” moves cilia and flagella?

A

Dynein arms alternately grab, move, and release the outer microtubules
Protein cross-links limit sliding
Forces exerted by dynein arms cause doublets to curve, bending the cilium or flagellum

56
Q

A type of microtubules
Actin filaments and the Thinnest. It helps with the Maintenance of cell shape and Changes in cell shape. Muscle contraction and Cell motility. aids in Division of animal cells

A

Microfilaments

57
Q

A type of microtubules
Fibers with diameters in a middle range. Fibrous proteins coiled into cables
Helps in the Maintenance of cell shape. Anchorage of nucleus and some other organelles. Formation of nuclear lamina

A

Intermediate filaments

58
Q

Animal cells lack cell walls but are covered by an elaborate structure made up of glycoproteins such as collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin

A

Extracellular Matrix of animal cells

59
Q

proteins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane

A

integrins

60
Q

types of Cell Junctions

A

Tight Junctions, Desmosomes, Gap Junctions

61
Q

Member of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid

A

Tight Junctions

62
Q

“anchoring junctions” Fasten cells together into strong sheets

A

Desmosomes

63
Q

“communicating junctions” Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells

A

Gap Junctions

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