Cellular Respiration Flashcards by Adriana C

what is the order of the cellular respiration stage

glycolysis
pyruvate oxidation
krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation/ ETC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how/where does hexokinase help

happens in cytoplasm
aids in the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucode 6 phosphate
ATP to ADP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how/where does phosphoglucose isomerse

cytoplasm

the isomerisation of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how/where does phosphofructokinase aid

cyctoplasm

the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how/where does aldolase aid

cyctoplasm

separates fructose-1,6-biphosphate to G3P

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how/where does G3P dehydrogenase aid

cytoplasm

uses NAD to NADH to form BPG

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how/where does phosphoglycerate kinase aid

cytoplasm

changes 3PG to 2PG

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how/where does enolase aid

cytoplasm

changes 2PG to pep

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how/where does pyruvate kinase aid

cytoplasm

dephosphorylation of pep to form ATP and making a pyruvate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the net gain of glycolysis

2 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the net gain of the krebs cycle

2 ATP
3 NADH
2 FADH2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how much ATP is formed through ETC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the first complex for ETC

NADH dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what and where does NADH dehydrogenase do

mitochondrial membrane

NADH to NAD releasing an H+

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what/where does the cyctochrome complex happen

mitochondrial membrane

FADH2 to FAD releasing H+

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the second complex in ETC

cyctochrome complex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the third complex in ETC

BC1 Complex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the fourth complex in ETC

cytochrome oxidase complex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what/where does the BC1 complex aid

mitochondrial membrane

aids in pumping electrons through to the cyctochrome oxidase complex

what/where does the cytochrome oxidase do

mitochondrial membrane

uses electrons from BC1 complex, adds it to O2 to make water

what does the ATP-ase complex do

it drives all the protons from the inner membrane space down to the matrix thanks to the electrochemical gradient… does some stuff and adds H+ to ADP to make ATP but many many times… 34 to be exact

what happens if there is no O2 for ETC

it gets backlogged and closes up

what happens if there’s no food for ETC

no electrons in the first place- literally doesn’t do anything at all

how is lactic acid formed

when there isn’t enough oxygen when exercising for all the glucose being used, NADH transfers their H+ atoms to pyruvate

what does lactic acid do

causes stiffness, soreness and fatigue

what happens to lactic acid after it is no longer needed

transported to the liver and oxidized back into pyruvate

why do we breathe heavily after working out

- not enough oxygen to keep up with the glucose (think complex IV) - instead, after glycolysis, the NADH wont dephosphorilize at complex 1 and will instead be sent to phosphorilize pyruvate forming lactase - if the pyruvate that is straight out of glycolysis is being phosphorilated right away, there will be no acetyl CoA for the krebs cycle, and it will stop - so glycolysis is needed to produce ATP, it needs 2 NAD+ to occur, so it will oxidise NADH with built up pyruvate as the oxidising agent creating lactase - the lactic acid buildup throws off the pH making it sore, tired, or stiff - at the end it needs to be dephosphorilated back into pyruvate, which takes oxygen... hence why we breathe more

explain glycolysis

im not typing it out go look it up or smth idk

what are the first four substances in krebs cycle

acetly CoA oxoloacetate citrate isocitrate

what are the 3 reactions that occur in pyruvate oxidation

1. loses CO2 2. NAD+ to NADH 3. joins CoA to form acetyl CoA

what happens if cyanide inhibits cytochrome oxidase

Electrons get clogged up (E.T.C. is blocked) Oxygen cannot accept final electrons ATP production is shut down, leading to coma and death

what are the metabolic checkpoints/ regulators in CR

I DONT KNOW ASK HILLARY OR KEVIN OR SMTH

what is the order of all the phosphorylations in krebs cycle

``` acetyle CoA to Oxoloacetate to Citrate to Isocitrate *lose co2* NAD+ to NADH *lose co2* NAD+ to NADH ADP to ATP FAD to FADH2 *CoA leaves* *h2o goes in* NAD+ to NADH ```

What is ATP composed of

Nitrous base 5 carbon sugar 3 phosphate groups Large amounts of free energy

What is catabolism

Energy out as bonds are broken

What is anabolism

Energy in as bonds are broken

What are phototrophs

Organisms that build organic compounds from simpler inorganic compounds using light (like plants)

What are heterotrophs

Rely on autotrophs for food (energy)

What are chemoautotrophs

Gain energy from inorganic materials use of light (found in extreme environments)

How long does it take for a cell to die without oxygen

5 mind

What does an excess of ATP do

Inhibits phosphofructokinase

What does an excess of citrate do

Inhibits phosphofructokinase

What does an excess of NADH from the krebs cycle do

Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase

What does an excess of ADP do

Activates phosphofructokinase

how many ATP for NADH

3 ATP for 1 NADH

how much ATP formed for 1 FADH2

2ATP for FADH2