Cellular Growth and Reproduction

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

The part of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divides

Question 2

Cytokinesis

Answer 2

The part of the cell cycle during which the cell’s cytoplasm divides

Question 3

Interphase

Answer 3

The part of the cell cycle during which the cell is actively growing and carrying out the chemical reactions it needs to stay alive as well as replicating DNA

Question 4

Eukaryote

Answer 4

The type of cell that carries out the cell cycle

Question 5

Cell Cycle

Answer 5

The cycle of growing and dividing the cell does throughout its lifetime

Question 6

Apoptosis

Answer 6

Programmed cell death

Question 7

Stem Cell

Answer 7

Unspecialized cells that can become any specialized cell under the right conditions

Question 8

Carcinogen

Answer 8

Substances known to cause cancer

Question 9

The part of the cell cycle in which DNA is in the form of chromatin

Answer 9

Interphase

Question 10

Centromere

Answer 10

These structures hold sister chromatids together

Question 11

Spindle Fibers

Answer 11

These long thin fibers attach to sister chromatids and help pull them apart

Question 12

Centrioles

Answer 12

These organelles can be found on either side of the cell and also help pull sister chromatids apart

Question 13

Cells spend most of their time in this phase

Answer 13

Interphase

Question 14

Why must cells divide when they get too large?

Answer 14

• The communication cannot take place as efficiently within the cell
• The cell cannot get enough nutrients
• The cell cannot get nutrients in fast enough
• The cell cannot get rid of waste fast enough

Question 15

What re the benefits of mitosis?

Answer 15

• Increases the number of cells which allows you to grow

- Allows you to heal injuries

Question 16

The three main parts of the cell cycle in order are…

Answer 16

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Question 17

The phase of cll division in which chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Answer 17

Prophase

Question 18

What can result from improper regulation of the cell cycle

Answer 18

Cancer

Question 19

What phase comes immediately after metaphase?

Answer 19

Anaphase

Question 20

What structures line up in the middle of the cell during metaphase?

Answer 20

Sister Chromatids

Question 21

What can be said about sister chromatids in the middle of the cell during metaphase?

Answer 21

They are identical to each other

Question 22

What is true about stem cells?

Answer 22

They begin as unspecialized cells, but under certain conditions, become specialized

Question 23

The key factor that limits the size of a cell

Answer 23

Ratio of surface area to volume

Question 24

The surface area of the cell is represented by its

Answer 24

Plasma membrane

Question 25

The volume of a cell is represented by

Answer 25

Cytoplasm and organelles found floating in it

Question 26

What are the alternatives a cell has when it reaches its size limit?

Answer 26

Stop growing, divide into two smaller cells

Question 27

When a tadpole metamorphoses into a frog, it loses its tail. What best describes the tail loss?

Answer 27

The tail is lost through apoptosis of the cells

Question 28

What events occur during prophase?

Answer 28

- Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - Identical chromosomes find each other and form sister chromatids - Nuclear membrane begins to break down - Spindle fibers form

Question 29

What event occurs during metaphase?

Answer 29

Sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell

Question 30

What event occurs during anaphase?

Answer 30

Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward centrioles

Question 31

What events occur during telophase?

Answer 31

- Nuclear membrane reforms - Spindle fibers disappear - Chromosomes arrive at poles/centrioles of the cell

Question 32

What is the difference between chromosomes and chromatin?

Answer 32

Chromatin is loose, uncoiled form of DNA; chromosomes are the coiled, rod shaped form of DNA

Question 33

How do cancer cells destroy the normal, healthy cells around them?

Answer 33

- Deprive cells of nutrients | - Deprive the cells of oxygen

Question 34

Cancer cells divide unrestrained because

Answer 34

Cancer cells spend much less time in interphase compared to normal cells, allowing cancer cells more time to divide

Question 35

This process could protect organisms from developing cancerous growths

Answer 35

Apoptosis

Question 36

Why are elderly people at a higher risk of cancer than 1st graders?

Answer 36

- Have been exposed to more carcinogens throughout their lifetime - Mutations build up over time - Checkpoints fail - Abnormal cells turn into cancer cells when more than one mutation occurs

Question 37

What are similarities and differences between cytokinesis of plant and animal cells

Answer 37

- Both divide cells - Animal cells: Cell membrane pinches in - Plants: A cell plate is formed

Question 38

How are cancer and the processes of apoptosis related?

Answer 38

Cancer is mutations of a cell that spend most of its lifetime in mitosis with no regulated growth. Apoptosis is "programmed cell death" in the case that mutations will cause harm to the body and is used to prevent cancer