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Telephony > Cellular Communications > Flashcards

Cellular Communications Flashcards

1
Q

radio communication was invented by

A

Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi

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2
Q

He made the first public demonstration of wireless (radio) telegraphy

A

Nikola Tesla

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3
Q

He conducted long distance (over see) telegraphy in 1897

A

Guglielmo Marconi

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4
Q

first walkie-talkie was used by the US military

A

1940

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5
Q

from AT&T’s Bell Labs invented the transistor (semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals)

A

John Bardeen
Walter Brattain
William Shockley
1947

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6
Q

in 1979 the first commercial cellular phone service was launched by

A

Nordic Mobile Telephone (in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark)

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7
Q

voice-oriented systems based on analog technology

A

1G (first generation)

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8
Q

Examples of 1G systems

A

Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS) and cordless systems

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9
Q
  • voice-oriented systems based on digital technology

- more efficient and used less spectrum than 1G

A

2G (second generation)

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10
Q

Examples of 2G systems

A

Global System for Mobile (GSM)

US Time Division Multiple Access (US-TDMA)

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11
Q

high-speed voice-oriented systems integrated with data services

A

3G (third generation)

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12
Q

Examples of 3G systems

A

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

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13
Q

still experimental, not deployed yet;

based on Internet protocol networks and will provide voice, data and multimedia service to subscribers

A

4G (fourth generation)

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14
Q

is a method used by service providers to improve the efficiency of a cellular network and to serve millions of subscribers using a limited radio spectrum

A

Frequency reuse

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15
Q

the entire network coverage area is divided into cells based on the principle of frequency reuse

A

Network Cells

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16
Q

basic geographical unit of a cellular network

A

cell

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17
Q

is the area around an antenna where a specific frequency range is used

A

cell

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18
Q

is represented graphically as a hexagonal shape, but in reality it is irregular in shape

A

cell

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19
Q

is a group of adiacent cells, usually 7 cells

A

cluster

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20
Q

their coverage is large (aprox. 6 miles in diameter); used in remote areas, high-power transmitters and receivers are used

A

macrocell

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21
Q

their coverage is small (half a mile in diameter) and are used in urban zones; low-powered transmitters and receivers are used to avoid interference with cells in another clusters

A

microcell

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22
Q

covers areas such as building or a tunnel

A

picocell

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23
Q

moving a call from one zone (from the transmitter-receiver from one zone) to another zone due to subscriber’s mobility

A

handover

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24
Q

allowing the subscriber to send/receive calls outside the service provider’s coverage area

A

roaming

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25
Q

when the subscriber enters another cell a unique frequency is assigned to him; used in analog systems

A

Frequency Division Multiple Access / FDMA

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26
Q

each subscriber is assigned a time slot to send/receive a data burst; is used in digital systems

A

Time Division Multiple Access / TDMA

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27
Q

each subscriber is assigned a code which is used to multiply the signal sent or received by the subscriber

A

Code Division Multiple Access / CDMA

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28
Q

this channel is used by a cellular phone to indicate its presence before a frequency/time slot/code is allocated to him

A

Control Channel

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29
Q

Cellular services (5):

A 
◘ voice communication
◘ Short Messaging Service (SMS)
◘ Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
◘ Global Positioning System (GPS)
◘ Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) – to access the Internet
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30
Q

MSC

A

Mobile Switching Center

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31
Q

the coordinator of a cellular network, it is connected to several BSCs, it routes calls between BSCs; links the cellular network with other networks like PSTN through fiber optics, microwave or copper cable

A

Mobile Switching Center or MSC

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32
Q

BSC

A

Basic Station Controller

33
Q

it is an interface between BTSs and it is linked to BTSs by cable or microwave links; it routes calls between BTSs; it is also connected to the MSC

A

Basic Station Controller or BSC

34
Q

BTS

A

Base Transceiver Station

35
Q

main component of a cell and it connects the subscribers to the cellular network

A

Base Transceiver Station or BTS

36
Q

MSU

A

Mobile Subscriber Unit

37
Q

Components of a cellular phone (6)

A 
◘ radio transceiver
◘ antenna
◘ control circuitry
◘ man-machine interface
◘ subscriber identity module (SIM)
◘ battery (usually Li-ion)
38
Q

formats the data sent to and from the BTS; controls signal transmission and reception

A

control circuitry

39
Q

consists from a keypad and a display; is managed by the control circuitry

A

man-machine interface

40
Q

integrated circuit card that stores the identity information of subscriber

A

SIM or subscriber identity module

41
Q

GSM

A

Global System for Mobile Communication

42
Q

global digital standard for cellular phones that offered roaming facility; used in Europe

A

Global System for Mobile Communication / GSM

43
Q

first name of GSM before

A

Group Special Mobile

44
Q

GSM operate in frequency bands of:

A

900MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz

45
Q

IMEI

A

International Mobile Equipment Identity Key

46
Q

a unique 15 digit number identifying each phone, is incorporated in the cellular phone by the manufacturer

A

International Mobile Equipment Identity Key / IMEI

47
Q

is located on a white sticker/label under the battery, but it can also be displayed by typing *#06# on the phone

A

IMEI

48
Q

IMSI

A

International Mobile Subscriber Identity Key

49
Q

a 15-digit unique number provided by the service provider and incorporated in the SIM card which identifies the subscriber

A

International Mobile Subscriber Identity Key / IMSI

50
Q

TMSI

A

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity Key

51
Q

is a temporary number, shorter than the IMSI, assigned by the service provider to the phone on a temporary basis

A

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity Key / TMSI

52
Q

Types of Registers: (3)

A
  • HLR / Home Location Register
  • VLR / Visitor Location Register
  • EIR / Equipment Identity Register
53
Q

is a database maintained by the service provider containing permanent data about each subscriber

A

Home Location Register (HLR)

54
Q

database that stores temporary data about a subscriber; it is kept in the MSC of the of the area the subscriber is located in

A

Visitor Location Register (VLR)

55
Q

database located near the MSC and containing information identifying cell phones

A

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

56
Q
  • 1st level security mechanism for a GSM cellular network

- is a database that stores the list of authorized subscribers of a GSM network

A

Authentication Center (AuC)

57
Q

is a switching center of the GSM network; coordinates BSCs linked to it

A

GSM Mobile Switching Center

58
Q

GSM Uplink/BTS Transmit

A

935-960 MHz
1805-1880 MHz
1930-1990 MHz

59
Q

GSM Downlink/BTS Receive

A

890-915 MHz
1710-1785 MHz
1850-1910 MHz

60
Q

uplink and downlink channels have a bandwidth of

A

25 MHz

61
Q

GSM carrier frequencies

A

124

62
Q

GSM time slots for each carrier frequencies

A

0.577 ms

63
Q

is used to communicate management data (setting up calls, location) between BTS and the cell phone within a GSM cell

A

GSM control channel

64
Q

GSM control channels can have the following types: (3)

A

broadcast channel
common control channel
dedicated control channel

65
Q

type of control channel used for the initial synchronization between the cell phone and the BTS

A

Broadcast Channel

66
Q

Types of Broadcast Channel (3)

A

Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH)
Synchronization Channel (SCH)
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

67
Q

is composed from a sequence of 148 zeros transmitted by the BTS

A

Frequency Correction Channel / FCCH

68
Q

follows the FCCH and contains BTS identification and location information

A

Synchronization Channel / SCH

69
Q

contains the frequency allocation information used by cell phones to adjust their frequency to that of the network; is continuously broadcasted by the BTS

A

Broadcast Control Channel / BCCH

70
Q

type of control chan. used for call initiation

A

Common Control Channels

71
Q

the BTS uses this channel to inform the cell phone about an incoming cal

A

Paging Channel / PCH

72
Q

is an uplink channel used by the cell phone to initiate a call

A

Random Access Channel / RACH

73
Q

channel used to set up a call; once the cell phone has used PCH or RACH to receive or initiate a call, it uses __ to communicate to the BTS

A

Access Grant Channel / AGCH

74
Q

control channel sed to manage calls

A

Dedicated Control Channels

75
Q

used along with SACCH to send and receive messages; relays signalling information

A

Standalone Dedicated Control Channel / SDCCH

76
Q

on the downlink BTS broadcasts messages of the beacon frequency of neighboring cells to the cell phones; on the uplink BTS receives acknowledgement messages from the cell phone

A

Slow Associated Control Channel / SACCH

77
Q

used to transmit unscheduled urgent messages; is faster than SACCH as it can carry 50 messages per second, while SACCH an caryy only 4.

A

Fast Associated Control Channel / FACCH

78
Q

GSM Security (3)

A
  • Personal Identification Number (PIN)
  • User Authentication
  • TMSI-based Security
79
Q

this security measure is within the cell phone and the service provider is not involved

A

Personal Identification Number / PIN

Telephony (9 decks)

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