Cellular Architectue + Muscle Types

Question 1

What H and E stain for?

Answer 1

Nucleic acid and protein

Question 2

Difference between preparation for L.M and E.M

Answer 2

LM - embed in wax + glass slide

EM - embed in plastic + copper grid

Question 3

Connective tissue types

Answer 3

Adipose, bone, fibrous (tendon), loose (under skin)

Question 4

Types of collagen

Answer 4

1. Dense irregular connective tissue (random bundle)
2. A ligament (right angles)
3. A tendon (cable)

Question 5

Collagen polymerization occurs _____ of cell

Answer 5

Outside

Question 6

Characteristics of epithelia

Answer 6

Linked tgt by junctions, little ECM, no blood vessels/ nerves

Question 7

Differences in appearance between smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle

Answer 7

Smooth- thin, many nuclei , non-striated
Skeletal- striated
Cardiac - striated -> special junctions + some binuclear cells

Question 8

Skeletal muscle dimensions

Answer 8

length 1mm-30cm, diameter 100 microns

Question 9

How do muscle fibres connect in skeletal muscle?

Answer 9

No cell to cell contact -> mechanical connection by associated connective tissue

Question 10

S.R. in skeletal muscle

Answer 10

triad : 2 terminal cisternae + 1 T-tubule

Question 11

Arrangement in S.R. of skeletal muscle

Answer 11

Fibres: many peripherally located nuclei + mitochondria

Contractile proteins: arrange in bundles

Question 12

In skeletal muscle actin is anchored to

Answer 12

Z-line at 1 end

Question 13

Smooth muscle dimensions

Answer 13

length - 0.2mm (10-600 microns), diameter 2-10 microns

Question 14

Shape of smooth muscle

Answer 14

Spindle

Question 15

How do muscle fibres connect in smooth muscle?

Answer 15

Electrically coupled by gap junctions -> little connective tissue

Question 16

Nucleus + mitochondria in smooth muscle

Answer 16

Mononucleate - central location, few mitochondria compared to skeletal muscle

Question 17

S.R. in smooth muscle

Answer 17

Poorly developed -> automatic innervation with plasmalemmal structures and no T-tubule system

Question 18

Cardiac muscle dimensions

Answer 18

length 50-100 microns, diameter 10-20 microns

Question 19

How are fibres connected in cardiac muscle?

Answer 19

Electrically coupled by specialed junctions

Question 20

Features of cardiac muscle

Answer 20

1. Intercalated discs: desosomes + gap junctions
2. can be branched
3. can be binucleate - centrally located

Question 21

S.R. in cardiac muscle

Answer 21

Lacks terminal cisternae but has T-tubule system - no defined triads

Question 22

Contractile proteins in cardiac muscle

Answer 22

Arranged in branching myofibrilar network through cytoplasm

Question 23

Difference in innervation between muscle types

Answer 23

1. Skeletal - M.N. axons end as motor endplates on sarcolemma
2. Smooth - Autonomic nerves
3. Controlled by specialised cardiac muscle cells within nodes e.g. Purkinje cells