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anatomy and physiology > cellular > Flashcards

cellular Flashcards

1
Q

cell membrane

A

two layers of phospholipids

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2
Q

gycloprotein

A

protein with carbohydrate attached

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3
Q

gyclolipid

A

lipid with carbohydrate attached

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4
Q

concentration gradient

A

concentration is higher in one area than another

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5
Q

diffusion

A

movement of particle from higher concentration to lower concentration

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6
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

diffusion used for substance which cannot cross the lipid bilayer due to size, polarity, or charge

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7
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water through s semipermeable membrane

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8
Q

isotonic

A

solutions have same concentration

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9
Q

hypertonic

A

has higher concentration then other solution

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10
Q

hypotonic

A

solution has lower concentration than other solution

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11
Q

sodium-potassium pump

A

moves sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions, against concentration gradient

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12
Q

endocytosis

A

bringing into the cell

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13
Q

phagocytosis

A

cell eating

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14
Q

pinocytosis

A

cell drinking

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15
Q

receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

receptor specific for certain substances

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16
Q

exocytosis

A

taking out of the cell

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17
Q

cytosol

A

jelly like substance within the cell

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18
Q

organelle

A

membrane enclosed bodies in the cell

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19
Q

cytoplasm

A

cytosol + organelle

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20
Q

nucleus

A

cell’s center organelle, DNA

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21
Q

endoplasmic recticulm

A

transporting, synthesizing, storing materials

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22
Q

rough ER

A

contains ribosomes, protein synthesis

23
Q

smooth ER

A

contains no ribosomes, lipid sythesis

24
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

sorting, modifying, shipping products from rough ER

25
Q

lysosome

A

organelle containing enzymes that break down and digest unneeded components

26
Q

autophagy

A

self eating

27
Q

autolysis

A

self-destruct

28
Q

mitochondria

A

energy transformer of cell

29
Q

peroxisome

A

lipid metabolism, chemical detoxification

30
Q

cytoskeleton

A

group of fibrous proteins providing structural support for cells

31
Q

nuclear envelope

A

membrane surrounding nucleus

32
Q

nuclear pore

A

passage way for proteins, RNA, solutes from cytoplasm to nucleus

33
Q

nucleolus

A

manufacturing RNA necessary for ribosomes construction

34
Q

chromatin

A

composed or DNA, associated proteins

35
Q

DNA bases

A

adenine, thymine, cytosien, guanine

36
Q

stages of DNA replication

A

Initation, Elongation, and Termination

37
Q

initiation

A

complementary strands of DNA are separated, helicase

38
Q

Elongation

A

each strand becomes template, DNA polymerse

39
Q

Termination

A

two new DNA molecules complete

40
Q

protein

A

most structural components

41
Q

proteome

A

full complement of proteins

42
Q

protein sysnthesis

A

begins with genes

43
Q

gene

A

functional segment of DNA providing genetic information for protein synthesis

44
Q

gene expression

A

transforms information from gene to final product

45
Q

translation

A

synthesizing a chain of amino acid into a polypeptide

46
Q

somatic cell

A

body cell, contains two copied of each chromosome

47
Q

homologous pair of chromosomes

A

two copies of a single chromosome found in each somatic cell

48
Q

cell cycle

A

sequence of events from creation to when it divides

49
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cells which differentiate into specialized cell

50
Q

totipotent

A

can differentiate into any cell

51
Q

pluripotent

A

can differentiate into any type of human tissue but not support full development of an organism

52
Q

mulipotent

A

can differentiate into different cells within a cell lineage

53
Q

oligopotent

A

can develop into one of a few different cell types

54
Q

only reproduce to generate more of a specific cell type

A

anatomy and physiology (6 decks)

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