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Y2S2 - Cell Signalling > CellSig4 - 27 > Flashcards

CellSig4 - 27 Flashcards

1
Q

Characterise small GTPases

A

Small monomeric 21kDa proteins with intrinsic GTPase activity that can bind to and hydrolyse GTP

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2
Q

What modifications do many GTPases have?

A

Lipid modifications to target them to specific membrane sites

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3
Q

What family do small GTPases belong?

A

Ras

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4
Q

What region of the small GTPase is most important?

A

Switch region alters the protein resulting in its activation when bound

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5
Q

Outline the activation/deactivation cycle of small GTPases

A

Active (quick GTP hydrolysis) > inactive (slow removal of GDP) > inactive (quick GTP association)

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6
Q

What inactivates GTPase?

A

GAP - GTPase activating protein

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7
Q

What activates GTPase?

A

GEF - guanine nucleotide exchange factor

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8
Q

What sequesters GDP proteins for GTPase?

A

GDI - guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor

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9
Q

What is Arf?

A

ADP ribosylation factor - controls general aspects of membrane trafficking

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10
Q

What is Rab?

A

Ras-like in brain - regulation of vesicle trafficking, docking and sorting

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11
Q

What is Ran?

A

Ras-like nuclear - controls nuclear import and nuclear export

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12
Q

What is Ras?

A

Ras sarcoma - master regulator of cell growth and survival

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13
Q

What is Rho?

A

Ras homology - maintains cell structure and polarity

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14
Q

What is imperative in regulation of Arf family proteins?

A

Localisation of GEF

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15
Q

What is key to specificity of vesicle targetting?

A

GEF and GDI

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16
Q

Outline the distribution of Ran across the nuclear membrane

A

Ran-GTP inside, Ran-GDP outside nucleus

17
Q

How is the Ran distribution maintained?

A

Ran-GEF in nucleus, Ran-GAP and RanBP outside

18
Q

What does RanGTP do?

A

Targets empty importins to the cytosol

19
Q

What does RanGTP do once in the cytosol?

A

Dissociates from importin, hyrdolysed to RanGDP and is imported

20
Q

What does MAP stand for?

A

Mitogen activating protein

21
Q

Outline the Ras pathway

A

Active Ras > MAP k.k.kinase (Raf) > MAP k.kinase (Mek) > MAP kinase (Erk) > internal changes

22
Q

Name 3 Rho family GTPases

A

RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42

23
Q

What do Rho family GTPases do?

A

Coorfinate actin cytoskeletal organisation

24
Q

What does RhoA do?

A

Stabilises and consolidates actin filaments into more rigid framework known as stress fibres

25
Q

What does Rac1 do?

A

Organises new actin filaments into fynamic ruffling structures or lamellipodia

26
Q

What does Cdc42 do?

A

Polymerises actin filaments and forms actin spijes or filopodia

27
Q

What is a CRIB domain?

A

Cdc42/Rac1 Interaction/Binding domain

Y2S2 - Cell Signalling (15 decks)

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