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Y2S2 - Cell Signalling > CellSig13 - 22 > Flashcards

CellSig13 - 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Identify 2 types of intracellular receptors

A

Gases, nuclear receptors

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2
Q

Two gaseous ligands

A

NO, CO

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3
Q

Four nuclear receptor ligands

A

Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, retinoids, vitamin D

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4
Q

Characterise NO

A

Very reactive gaseous free radical

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5
Q

What catalyses the production of NO?

A

NOS - NO synthase through two monooxygenase reactions

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6
Q

Outline structure of NOS

A

Reductase domain that binds NADPH, FMN, FAD; haem binding domain

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7
Q

What are the three types of NOS?

A

e, n and iNOS

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8
Q

What is important to note about eNOS and nNOS?

A

They are constitutively expressed - cNOS

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9
Q

What is different about iNOS?

A

Its expression is inducible

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10
Q

Characterise cNOS

A

Activity induced by Ca2/calmodulin

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11
Q

Characterise eNOS

A

Endothelial (NOS3)

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12
Q

Characterise nNOS

A

Neural (NOS1)

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13
Q

Characterise iNOS

A

Inducible (NOS2) - activity constitutively active, expression inducible

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14
Q

What are the main differences between cNOS and iNOS?

A

cNOS: calmodulin dependent, picomoles released, short-lasting release; iNOS: opposite, nanomoles released, long lasting

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15
Q

What is the NOS target?

A

Guanylyl cyclase

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16
Q

What was NOS originally known as and why?

A

EDRF - released by endothelia, relaxes smooth muscle

17
Q

How does NO act in the immune system?

A

Kills bacteria and parasites and induces cell death

18
Q

What drugs affect NO signalling?

A

Nitroglycerin - metabolised to NO, treats angina; viagra - inhibitor of type V phosphodiesterase, increases NO, prolonging increases in cGMP levels

19
Q

Signalling molecules that bind with nuclear receptors

A

Cortisol, estradiol, testosterone, vitamin D3, thyroxine, retinoic acid

20
Q

Outline the topography of nuclear receptors

A

Inhibitory proteins hold them in inactive states, ligand removes inhibitors, receptors interact with co-activators and transcription is controlled

21
Q

What does RXR stand for?

A

Retinoid X receptor

22
Q

What do all heterodimer nuclear receptors have in common?

A

Share a partner in RXR

23
Q

What do all homodimer nuclear receptors have in common?

A

RE - response element

Y2S2 - Cell Signalling (15 decks)

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