Cells: processes; metabolism, diffusion, glycolysis, endo+exocytosis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain, ATP Flashcards
What is metabolism?
All chemical reactions occurring within a living organism to maintain life. Metabolism is used for growth, repair, energy production and maintaining internal environment in an organism (homeostasis).
What is metabolism used for?
processing nutrients from food and producting energy necessary for cellular functions
What are the 2 types of metabolism?
- Catabolism: Involves breakdown of molecules. Energy is released and captured in form of ATP, used as a direct source for cellular processes
- Anabolism: Process of creating complex molecules from simpler ones. The building blocs for cellular respiration
How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion involves the use of carrier or channel proteins to help specific molecules pass through the cell membrane, while simple diffusion does not involve proteins and relies solely on the concentration gradient for the movement of molecules.
What is glycolysis?
Glycolysis is the process where a 6 carbon molecule of glucose is broken down into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.
What are the products of glycolysis?
Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules. ATP is used for energy, and NADH helps in later stages of energy production.
Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
What is endocytosis?
cell membrane folds inward to consume external substances. This folding creates a vesicle that transports the material into the cell. The vesicle combines with other organelles for processing
What is exocytosis?
process where cells expel substances by vesicles on the cell membrane. The vesicle releases its contents outside the cell when it merges with the membrane. This process is used for secreting unwanted molecules
What is Phagocytosis?
process involves the consumption (eating) of large particles. the cell membrane extends around the particle to form a phagosome, which then attaches to a lysosome to digest the particles.
What is Pinocytosis?
cellular drinking, involves the consumption of external fluid and small molecules. The cell membrane bends to form a vesicle that captures the fluid, which is then transported into the cell
What is the Krebs cycle and where does it take place?
The Krebs cycle is a set of reactions in the mitochondria that turns acetyl-CoA into carbon dioxide and high-energy molecules (NADH and FADH2). These high-energy molecules are then used to make ATP in the electron transport chain.
How does the Krebs cycle link to the electron transport chain?
The Krebs cycle generates high-energy molecules (NADH and FADH2) that are used by the electron transport chain to produce ATP.
What is the electron transport chain and where does it occur?
The electron transport chain is a process in the mitochondria that produces ATP. It uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to create a flow of protons, which drives the production of ATP and produces water as a byproduct.
How does the electron transport chain contribute to ATP production?
The electron transport chain uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to create a flow of protons across the mitochondrial membrane. This flow drives the production of ATP.
