Cells: biomacromolecules Flashcards
What are Biomacromolecules?
large molecule needed for biological processes are made of repeating subunits called monomers, which are linked together through chemical bonds.
4 types of biomacromolecules
Proteins: Made from amino acids, they do most of the work in cells
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA store and use genetic information to make proteins.
Carbohydrates: Sugars and starches that provide energy and support cell structure.
Lipids: Fats and oils that store energy and make up cell membranes.
What is a carbohydrate?
- Biomacromolecule that is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are polymers of sugar (sugar makes up carbs). usually arranged hexose or pentose e.g. cellulose, starch
Lipids
monomers. They are hydrophobic (water repelling). e.g. fatty acids, phospholipids, waxes, fats/oils. They are used for cell structure, energy storage, protection and signalling
Proteins
Molecules embedded in the cell membrane made up of chains of amino acids, that assist in transport, signaling, and maintaining the cell’s shape and perform jobs in the body
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, are molecules that store and use genetic information. DNA holds the instructions for building and maintaining organisms, while RNA helps to translate those instructions into proteins. They are essential for growth, reproduction, and functioning of all living things.
Amino acids (make proteins)
Small molecules that build proteins. They link together in chains to form proteins
What are channel proteins?
tunnels or passageways that help molecules/ions pass through a cell membrane easily, without needing extra energy. Each channel protein is designed to let only certain types of molecules or ions through.
What are carrier proteins?
special helper that grab onto a specific molecule, change shape to move it through the membrane, and then release it on the other side. carrier proteins carry molecules one at a time and often require energy
