Cells - Organelles Flashcards
Structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Made of tubular sacs of cisternae
- No ribosomes
Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesis and transportation of lipids, steroids hormones
Structure of Golgi Apparatus
- made of flattened sacs of cisternae
- swollen ends of cisternae
- no ribosomes
- close to RER
- many layers
- presence of Golgi vesicles
Function of Golgi Apparatus
- MODIFIES into lysosomes, by folding into tertiary protein or by adding a carbohydrate chain to make glycoprotein (and transported to cell membrane)
- PACKAGES into vesicles, by exocytosis (and delivered)
Function/purpose of microvilli
Increase surface area of cell surface membrane - for more efficient absorption and secretion
Structure and location of microvillli
Finger-like extensions of cell surface membrane found in animal cells
Function of centrioles and microtubules
- Involved in nuclear division - produce spindle fibres which move and position the chromosome
- form centrosome
Arrangement of centrioles and microtubules
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
- 2 centrioles arranged at 90˚
- each has 9 paired microtubules
Function of chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
Structure of chloroplasts
- double membrane, inner is folded into lamellae
- contains stroma and grana
Location and function of lamellae
- Inner membrane of chloroplasts
- controls entry and exit of substances in and out of the chloroplast
Function of stroma
(In chloroplasts)
contains circular DNA, 70S ribosomes and enzymes for light-independent stage (of photosynthesis)
Structure and Function of grana
(In chloroplasts)
- Made of flattened sacs of thylakoid membranes
- carry out light-dependent stage (of photosynthesis)
Structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum + where is it commonly found?
Large surface area
- made of flattened sacs of cisternae
Commonly found attached to nuclear envelope
Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesis of proteins made by ribosomes (translation)
- transported by exocytosis in vesicles to Golgi apparatus
Function of cell wall
- Enclose, support and protect cell
- Provide turgidity of the cell