Cells And Organelles Flashcards
What is an organelle?
An organelle is a specialised structure within a cell that performs a specific function, contributing to the overall functioning of the cell
What is the cell membrane and its function?
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is a selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, providing structural support and controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the role of phospholipids in the cell membrane?
Phospholipids in the cell membrane form a lipid bilayer, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails inward. This arrangement creates a stable barrier, crucial for maintaining the integrity of the cell membrane.
What is the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside the cell, encompassing organelles and providing a medium for cellular activities to take place.
What is the structure and function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. They can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum’s function?
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes within the cell, divided into rough ER (with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis) and smooth ER (involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification).
What is the structure and role of the Golgi complex?
The Golgi complex, or Golgi apparatus, is involved in modifying, packaging, and transporting proteins and lipids within the cell. It consists of stacked membrane-bound sacs.
What are lysosomes?
Lysosomes are small, membrane-bound organelles containing enzymes that break down cellular waste and foreign material.
What is the structure and function of the mitochondria?
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles responsible for cellular respiration, generating ATP (energy) through the breakdown of nutrients.
What is the nucleus’s structure and function?
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle containing genetic material (DNA). It regulates cell activities and houses the information necessary for cellular function and reproduction.
What role do peroxisomes play?
Peroxisomes oxidise organic substances for detoxification. They are abundant in the liver
What role does proteasome play?
Proteasomes digest unneeded, damaged & faulty proteins.
What does a granule do?
Stores fuel
