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Dietetics - Year One > Brain 2 > Flashcards

Brain 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The nerves which run from the spinal cord to the periphery are called…

A

Spinal nerves

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2
Q

Have many pairs of spinal nerves do you have?

A

31

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3
Q

The nerves which run from the brainstem to the periphery are called …

A

Cranial nerves

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4
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves do we have?

A

12 pairs

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5
Q

The Vagus Nerve is the ……. Cranial nerve

A

10th

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6
Q

The diencephalon lies above the

A

Brainstem

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7
Q

The diencephalon is composed of

A

Thalamus - receives information from the spinal cord and numerous areas of the brain and is often called a large relay station.

Hypothalamus - involved in the control of endocrine (hormones) function, feeding and body temperature regulation.

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8
Q

What is the following structure? Name both parts

A
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9
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

It receives sensory input from the spinal cord and influences limb movement. It receives input from other brain areas involved in movement planning.

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10
Q

Which area of the brain is the largest?

A

The cerebrum

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11
Q

There are two cerebral hemispheres joined by the…

A

Corpus callosum, which is composed of lots of nerve fibre tracts.

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12
Q

What is the surface of the cerebral hemisphere called?

A

The cortex

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13
Q

What is The basal ganglia made of, what is its function and where can it be found?

A

Gray matter

Lies deep beneath the cortex of the cerebrum.

They play an important role in the initiation and coordination of movement and are affected in Parkinsons disease where the dopamine content of the substantia nigra is reduced

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14
Q

The cortex can be divided into four areas. What are they?

A

Frontal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe

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15
Q

Name the areas.

A
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16
Q

What volume of CSF in adults

A

The CSF, of which there is ~140ml in adults, is found covering the brain, within cavities in the brain called the ventricles and within the central spinal canal.

17
Q

Describe the blood brain barrier

A

As substances do not appear to move freely between the blood and the CSF there exists a blood brain barrier. It is likely that the junctions between the epithelial cells of the blood vessels of the brain are tight therefore limiting what substances can pass through.

18
Q

How does the brain receive its blood and what percentage of the brain receives cardiac output

A

The brain receives its blood supply via the cerebral arteries. The brain despite being only a few % of body weight receives a surprisingly high proportion of the cardiac output 20%.

19
Q

What is the brainstem composed of?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla

20
Q

Nerve cells are called?

A

Neurons

21
Q

What is the role of sensory receptors?

A

Translate sensory information into a series of action potentials that can be transmitted to other parts of the nervous system e.g. spinal cord or brain.

22
Q

Skin contains many different types of sensory nerve endings which are referred to as…

A

Cutaneous Receptors.

23
Q

Name the cutaneous receptor:

Dendrites surrounded by connective tissue; discriminative & light touch; rapidly adapting

A

Meissner Corpuscle

24
Q

Name the cutaneous receptor:

Collagen associated with nerve endings enclosed in a fluid filled capsule; continuous touch; slowly adapting

A

Ruffini Ending

25
Q

Name the cutaneous receptor:

Fluid filled layers, onion like structure; pressure; rapid
adaptation

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

26
Q

What is a receptive field?

A

The area on the skin surface that when stimulated gives rise to activity in a single sensory nerve fibre

27
Q

Name the regions of the spinal cord from top to bottom

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar & sacral regions.

28
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

29
Q

How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves

A

8

30
Q

How many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves

A

5

31
Q

How many pairs of coccygeal spinal nerves

A

1

32
Q

How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves

A

12

33
Q

How many pairs of sacral spinal nerves

A

5

34
Q

The spinal cord is composed of a central area called the (1) matter surrounded by an area called the (2) matter

A
  1. Grey
  2. White
35
Q

Where is grey matter located and what’s the function?

A

Located in the middle of the cord
Cell Bodies of motor neurons
Ends of sensory neurons

36
Q

Where is white matter found?

A

Round the edges of the cord
Bundles of nerve fibres travelling up and down the cord

Dietetics - Year One (18 decks)

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