Cells and Organelles

Question 1

prokaryotic

Answer 1

cells without a nucleus or organelles

Question 2

eukaryotic

Answer 2

cells with organelles, larger and more complex

Question 3

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 3

ancestral eukaryote goes into prokaryote, becomes a mitochondria/chloroplast, then the two merge into a complete cell

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

genetic control center, contains chromatin (DNA) and synthesizes organelles

Question 5

cytoskeleton

Answer 5

scaffolding, support of cell, controls traffic flow, made of fibers that are paths and support

Question 6

mitochondria

Answer 6

converts energy into usable fuel (ATP)

Question 7

lysosome

Answer 7

garbage disposal, breaks down cellular waste with digestive enzymes

Question 8

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

synthesizes protein to hold/send out using ribosomes attached, also modifies proteins

Question 9

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

synthesizes lipids, steroids, and phospholipids, detoxifies

Question 10

golgi apparatus

Answer 10

packages/processes/sends out proteins, lipids, other molecules

Question 11

cell walls (plant)

Answer 11

cellulose structure to provide support, have small tubes (plasmodesmata) that connect plant cells

Question 12

vacuoles (plant)

Answer 12

storage sacs for cells, have nutrients/waste/toxins

Question 13

chloroplasts (plant)

Answer 13

site of photosynthesis