Cells And Microscopes Flashcards
how do electron microscopes work?
They pass a beam of electrons through a sample and then by detecting how many electrons passed through they buildup an image
Magnification equations
Magnification of eyepiece x magnification of objective or image size over actual size
What is the best unit to measure most cells in?
Micrometer,ųm
How do you find a millimetre using metres?
Times by 1000
How do you find a micrometre using a millimetre?
Divided by 1000
How do you find an nanometre using a micrometre?
Divide by 1000
What is the small square or circle that is placed over the specimen called?
A coverslip
What is the object you can only see ribosomes with?
Electron microscopes
What is the cytoplasm?
A jelly like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles
What happens in the cytoplasm?
Chemical Reactions
What is the cell membrane like to some substances
Semi-permeable
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the movement of substances in and out the cell
What is the mitochondria?
Organelles that contain enzymes for respiration
What are ribosomes?
Tiny Structures
What occurs in ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
What are chloroplasts?
Organelles containing a green pigment, chlorophyll
What do chloroplast do?
Absorb light energy for photosynthesis
What is the cell wall made from?
Cellulose fibres
What does the cell Wall do?
Strengthen the cell and supports the plant
What is the permanent vacuole filled with and what is its function?
It is filled with cell sap and it keeps the it turgid
What type of cells are bacteria?
Prokaryotic cells
What type of cells are animal plants and fungi cells?
Eukaryotic cells
What cells are bigger, eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
What are the contents of eukaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast, and ribosomes
What are the contents of prokaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm and ribosomes
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus
Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?
Single molecule found in the cytoplasm or on plasmid rings
What is the type of cell division in eukaryotic cells?
Mitosis
What type of cell division happens in prokaryotic cells?
Binary fission
What are the adaptations of a sperm cell?
The head of sperm contains genetic material for fertilisation acrosome in the head contains enzymes for the sperm to penetrate an egg packed of mitochondria for energy tail allows the sperm to swim
What are the adaptations of nerve cells?
It is extended to run from different different parts of the body to the central nervous system has extensions and strand communicate with nerve cells muscles and glands covered in a fatty sheath forinsulation to speed up the nerve impulse
What are the adaptations for muscle cells?
Contains filaments of proteins that slide over each other to cause muscle contraction contain well developed mitochondria to provide energy for muscle contraction
What are the adaptations of a root hair cell ?
Hairs provides contact with soil water thin walls to not restrict movement of water, large surface area
What the adaptation of Xylem cells?
No top or bottom walls were continuous column water running through them walls become thickened through lignin to support the plant
What are The adaptation of phloem cells?
Dissolve sugars plus amino acids transported up and down the stem companion cell adjacent to the sieve tubes provide energy to transport substances in the phloem
What are The adaptation of phloem cells?
amino acids transported up and down the stem companion cell adjacent to the sieve tubes provide energy to transport substances in the phloem
