cells and immunity Flashcards
The development of specialized cells from unspecialized stem cells is a description of which of the following basic life processes?
metabolism
movement
differentiation
reproduction
growth
differentiation
Which processes occur within the S-phase of the cell cycle?
Nuclear envelope reforms as cells enter a rest phase
Chromatid pairs line up at the metaphase plate
Cytoplasmic division and cleavage
Separation of chromosomes by the spindle fibres
Replication of DNA and centrosomes
Replication of DNA and centrosomes
Carlos has fractured his lower leg in a sports injury. He has been given a plaster of paris cast to immobilise the bones and allow the fracture to heal. During the healing process of the bones, the muscles have become very weak and decreased in size. This is known as …?
hypertrophy
dystrophy
hyperplasia
apoptosis
atrophy
atrophy
Phillip Weber has smoked habitually for the last 20 years. Over time the cells in the trachea have altered developing into columar ciliated epithelial cells. This change in the type of cell is known as …?
atrophy
hyperplasia
metaplasia
apoptosis
hypertrophy
metaplasia
Which of the following organs do you expect to find cells that divide by meiosis?
spleen
testes
liver
heart
brain
testes
Which of the following statements regarding cell division in human cells is true?
Meiosis produces gametes with 23 chromosomes
The primary function of meiosis is to produce cells for growth and repair
DNA produced by mitosis is single stranded
During mitosis the cell proceeds through four rounds of cell divisions
Meiosis produces two genetically identical cells
Meiosis produces gametes with 23 chromosomes
Douglas developed heart failure following a lifestyle of smoking and subsequent damage to his bicuspid valve. A a result, the myocardium around the left ventricle of his heart has increased in size. This is known as …?
atrophy
hypertrophy
dystophy
hyperplasia
apoptosis
hypertrophy
The body responds to an infection by triggering the innate immune system. How long does it take (on average) for the adaptive or acquired immune system to respond to a newly seen infection, if the innate defences dont clear the infection?
1 hour
12 hours
24 hours
4 days
12 days
4 days
Which cells produce antibodies?
Erythrocytes
Basophils
T and B lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
T and B lymphocytes
