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Energetics > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Movement of molecules from and area of high concentration to low concentration? This process can be passive or facilitated.

A

Diffusion

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2
Q

Chemical breakdown due to reaction with water?

A

Hydrolysis

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3
Q

A combination of atoms that forms the smallest particle of a substance that can take place in a chemical reaction?

A

Molecule

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4
Q

The addition of a phosphate group?

A

Phosphorylation

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5
Q

A collection of specialised cells that combine to function for a common use?

A

Tissue

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6
Q

The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient from a low concentration of high concentration. This process requires the use of energy.

A

Active transport

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7
Q

An energy carrying molecule that releases energy when it is split into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (IP)?

A

Adenosinetkiphosphate

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8
Q

A reaction in which electrons are gained ?

A

Reduce

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9
Q

An organelle in which aerobic respiration occurs?

A

Mitochondria

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10
Q

the smallest building block of life that consists of protons electrons and neutrons.

A

Atom

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11
Q

A molecular catalyst that acts to speed up a reaction?

A

Enzyme

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12
Q

The movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from area of low solute/ high water concentration to high solute/ low water concentration?

A

Osmosis

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13
Q

How much free energy is there is 1 molecule of ATP (kg/mole)?

A

31

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14
Q

A group of cells make a …

A

Tissue

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15
Q

Insulin assisting glucose entry into the cell is an example of …

A

Facilitated diffusion

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16
Q

A group of cells make up a ?

A

Tissue

17
Q

A group of tissues make up a ?

A

Organ

18
Q

A group of organs make up a ?

A

System

19
Q

A group of systems make up a ?

A

Organism

20
Q

What do animal cells not have that plant cells do

A

Animal cells don’t have a cell wall

21
Q

3 main parts of an animal cell?

A
  • Plasma membrane
  • Cytoplasm (contains organelles)
  • Nucleus
22
Q

What is a plasma membrane?

A

A Plasma Membrane encloses the cell. Made from a bilayer of
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Proteins
It acts as a semi permeable barrier.
It creates cells internal and external environment.

23
Q

What is a Cytoplasm?

A

Holds all organelles.

24
Q

Organelles?

A

Organelles are Specialist sub- units within a cell. Each type of organelle performs a specific task.

25
Q

Types of organelle ? (7)

A

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes

Mitochondria

Peroxisomes

Ribosomes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic Reticulum

26
Q

What else does the cytoplasm contain (not organelles)? (5)

A

Centrioles

Intermediate Filament

Microfilaments

Microtubules

Nucleus

27
Q

What is the Nucleus’ job?

A

Control centre

Job = Protein synthesis and Transmitting DNA to daughter cells

28
Q

What is the largest organelle

A

Nucleus

29
Q

Cell membrane main job?

A

Protect cell and keep cell shape

30
Q

Properties of the cell membrane (3)

A

Selectively permeable (certain molecules)

Made of lipids + proteins

Double layer of phospholipids

31
Q

2 proteins in the cell membrane ?

A

Globular shapes proteins

Tightly coiled for support and shake (serve as receptors for the cells)

32
Q

What 3 things can pass through the cell membrane?

A

Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Steroids

33
Q

What is embedded into the cell membrane?

A

Cholesterol molecules are embedded in the membrane. They strengthen the membrane wall and help make it impermeable to water soluble substances.

34
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Movement of molecules across cell membranes without using any energy.

35
Q

When cells use simple diffusion, what do molecules do?

A

Molecules naturally move from an area of high concentration to low concentration, through a permeable membrane.

36
Q

What is simple diffusion? And which molecule uses this?

A

High concentration to low concentration until both sides are uniform/ have reached equilibrium. Oxygen is the 1 molecule that moves into cells using simple diffusion.

37
Q

What is Net diffusion?

A

Net Diffusion is a net movement (where the maximum particles moved) movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration down the concentration gradient. Due to collisions

Energetics (15 decks)

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