Cells Flashcards
Movement of molecules from and area of high concentration to low concentration? This process can be passive or facilitated.
Diffusion
Chemical breakdown due to reaction with water?
Hydrolysis
A combination of atoms that forms the smallest particle of a substance that can take place in a chemical reaction?
Molecule
The addition of a phosphate group?
Phosphorylation
A collection of specialised cells that combine to function for a common use?
Tissue
The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient from a low concentration of high concentration. This process requires the use of energy.
Active transport
An energy carrying molecule that releases energy when it is split into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (IP)?
Adenosinetkiphosphate
A reaction in which electrons are gained ?
Reduce
An organelle in which aerobic respiration occurs?
Mitochondria
the smallest building block of life that consists of protons electrons and neutrons.
Atom
A molecular catalyst that acts to speed up a reaction?
Enzyme
The movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from area of low solute/ high water concentration to high solute/ low water concentration?
Osmosis
How much free energy is there is 1 molecule of ATP (kg/mole)?
31
A group of cells make a …
Tissue
Insulin assisting glucose entry into the cell is an example of …
Facilitated diffusion
A group of cells make up a ?
Tissue
A group of tissues make up a ?
Organ
A group of organs make up a ?
System
A group of systems make up a ?
Organism
What do animal cells not have that plant cells do
Animal cells don’t have a cell wall
3 main parts of an animal cell?
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm (contains organelles)
- Nucleus
What is a plasma membrane?
A Plasma Membrane encloses the cell. Made from a bilayer of
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Proteins
It acts as a semi permeable barrier.
It creates cells internal and external environment.
What is a Cytoplasm?
Holds all organelles.
Organelles?
Organelles are Specialist sub- units within a cell. Each type of organelle performs a specific task.
Types of organelle ? (7)
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic Reticulum
What else does the cytoplasm contain (not organelles)? (5)
Centrioles
Intermediate Filament
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Nucleus
What is the Nucleus’ job?
Control centre
Job = Protein synthesis and Transmitting DNA to daughter cells
What is the largest organelle
Nucleus
Cell membrane main job?
Protect cell and keep cell shape
Properties of the cell membrane (3)
Selectively permeable (certain molecules)
Made of lipids + proteins
Double layer of phospholipids
2 proteins in the cell membrane ?
Globular shapes proteins
Tightly coiled for support and shake (serve as receptors for the cells)
What 3 things can pass through the cell membrane?
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Steroids
What is embedded into the cell membrane?
Cholesterol molecules are embedded in the membrane. They strengthen the membrane wall and help make it impermeable to water soluble substances.
What is passive transport?
Movement of molecules across cell membranes without using any energy.
When cells use simple diffusion, what do molecules do?
Molecules naturally move from an area of high concentration to low concentration, through a permeable membrane.
What is simple diffusion? And which molecule uses this?
High concentration to low concentration until both sides are uniform/ have reached equilibrium. Oxygen is the 1 molecule that moves into cells using simple diffusion.
What is Net diffusion?
Net Diffusion is a net movement (where the maximum particles moved) movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration down the concentration gradient. Due to collisions
