Cells Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus- e.g. animal or plant
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell without a nucleus e.g. bacteria
Which organelles are found in both animal and plant cells?
nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome
Which organelles are only found in a plant cell?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole
What is the purpose of a nucleus?
Stores DNA
What is the purpose of a ribosome?
Protein synthesis
What is the purpose of cell membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves a cell
What is the purpose of a mitochondria?
Where respiration takes place to provide energy for the cell
What is the purpose of a cell wall?
Helps the cell to keep its shape
What is the purpose of a chloroplast?
Where photosynthesis takes place to produce glucose
What is the purpose of a vacuole?
Stores nutrients for the cell
What are the two types of DNA in a bacterial cell called?
Chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA
What is the purpose of a flagellum in a bacterial cell?
For movement
Which organelles are in an animal cell but not a bacterial cell?
nucleus and mitochondria
Why does a sperm cell have an acrosome?
The acrosome contains enzymes which digest the outside of an egg cell for fertilization
Sperm and egg cells are haploid. What does this mean?
They have half the amount of DNA as a body cell. When they combine in fertilization, the offspring has the correct number of chromosomes.
Why do sperm cells need lots of mitochondria?
mitochondria produce energy and sperm cells need energy to move towards the egg cell
What happens to the cell membrane of an egg cell after fertilization? Why is this important?
the membrane hardens. This means no more sperm can enter so the offspring have the correct number of chromosomes
Where in the body are ciliated epithelial cells found?
in the trachea/bronchi (windpipe) and the oviduct
What do cilia on ciliated epithelial cells do?
the beat to waft (move) items along.
What is the purpose of the ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea and bronchi?
The cilia beat to waft trapped pathogens or dirt particles out of the windpipe and to the back of the throat to be swallowed
What is the purpose of the ciliated epithelial cells in the oviduct?
The cilia beat to move an egg along the oviduct
