Cells

Question 0

What is protoplasm?

Answer 0

Consists of 70-90% water, mineral salts, organic compounds. Exists in liquid and semi liquid forms

Question 1

What is the cell made of?

Answer 1

Protoplasm- living matter

Question 2

What is the protoplasm made of?

Answer 2

1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Plasma membrane

Question 3

What is nucleoplasm?

Answer 3

Small spherical mass of denser protoplasm.

Question 4

Where is the nucleoplasm found in?

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 5

Control all activities of cell- reproduction, repair and maintenance(enable chemical reactions to take place).

Question 6

What is a chromatin?

Answer 6

Network of long thread like structures, containing hereditary materials.

Question 7

What is chromatin made up of?

Answer 7

Proteins and DNA

Question 8

What are chromosomes?

Answer 8

Condensed and highly coiled chromatin threads during cell division.

Question 9

What is nucleoli?

Answer 9

Spherical structure that plays a part in the build up of proteins.

Question 10

What is an organelle?

Answer 10

Specialized membrane bound structures.

Question 11

Describe the shape of mitochondria.

Answer 11

Rod shaped.

Question 12

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 12

Site of aerobic respiration- release energy during cellular respiration.

Question 13

What is a vacuole?

Answer 13

Fluid filled space enclosed by a membrane.

Question 14

Describe the presence of vacuoles in animal cells.

Answer 14

They are present as numerous small ones, and these are usually not permanent.

Question 15

Describe the presence of vacuoles in plant cells.

Answer 15

There is usually a large central vacuole.

Question 16

What is cell sap?

Answer 16

Fluid in vacuoles, contains sugars, minerals salts and amino acids.

Question 17

What is tonoplast?

Answer 17

Membrane around vacuole.

Question 18

What are centrioles?

Answer 18

A pair of tiny structures just outside the nuclear membrane.

Question 19

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 19

1. Aids in cell division.

2. Formation of cilia and flagella

Question 20

Describe the presence of centrioles.

Answer 20

1. Presence in animal cells.

2. Absent in plant cells.

Question 21

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 21

Stacks of flattened membranous sacs.

Question 22

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 22

1. Involved in secretion of vesicles.

2. Formation of ribosomes.

Question 23

What are ribosomes?

Answer 23

Tiny structures concerned with manufacture of proteins.

Question 24

Where are ribosomes situated at?

Answer 24

On rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 25

What is the function of a chloroplast?

Answer 25

Site of photosynthesis where light energy is absorbed.

Question 26

What do chloroplasts consists of?

Answer 26

Consists of grana which are stacked up to increase surface area for absorption of light.

Question 27

What is the endoplasmic reticulum? (Smooth and rough)

Answer 27

A series of flattened sheets.

Question 28

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 28

Site of synthesis and transport of steroids and lipids.

Question 29

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 29

Transport proteins synthesized at ribosomes towards Golgi bodies for secretory packing.

Question 30

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 30

Lipid bilayer surrounding cell, interspersed with protein molecules.

Question 31

What is the permeability of the plasma membrane?

Answer 31

It is selectively permeable, controls movement of substances.

Question 32

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 32

1. Allow diffusion, active transport and osmosis to take place.
2. Prevents out flowing of cytoplasm.

Question 33

What is the cell wall made of?

Answer 33

Cellulose(a polysaccharide), may be deposited with lignin.

Question 34

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 34

1. Maintains cell turgidity
2. Provide mechanical support
3. Protect from mechanical damage

Question 35

What is the permeability of the cell wall?

Answer 35

Freely permeable to water and most solutes.

Question 36

What are cilia/flagella and what are their functions?

Answer 36

They are rod like structures, function is to deal with locomotion and transport of substances.

Question 37

What is the difference between plants and animals in terms of nutrition?

Answer 37

1. Animals break down food while plants build up food.

2. Animals store carbohydrates as glycogen while plants store carbohydrates as starch grains.

Question 38

How are root hair cells modified to increase their efficiency?

Answer 38

The presence of long and elongated root hairs increases surface area for greater rate of absorption.

Question 39

How are red blood cells modified to increase their efficiency?

Answer 39

1. Flat, biconcave shape increases surface area to volume area.
2. Absence of nucleus allow red blood cell to squeeze through narrow capillaries.

Question 40

How are xylem vessels modified to increase their efficiency?

Answer 40

1. Absence of cross wall allows water column to move easily up the lumen of xylem vessel.
2. Lignified cell walls strengthens walls and prevents collapse of xylem vessels.

Question 41

What is a simple tissue?

Answer 41

Cells of the same type grouped together to carry out a special function.

Question 42

What is an organ?

Answer 42

Different tissues working together and enabling organ to perform its function.