Cells Flashcards
What is a cell membrane ?
Structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell
E.g oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose
What is the nucleus?
A large structure that contains genes that control the activities of the cell
What is the cytoplasm?
A jelly like substance that fills the cell
Many reactions take place here
What are mitochondria?
A tiny structure where respiration takes place, releasing energy for cell processes
What are ribosomes?
They’re present in the cytoplasm but they aren’t visible. Proteins are made here for protein synthesis
What is the function of a cell wall?
Made of cellulose. Tough, so helps support and keep the shape of the cell
What is the function of the central vacuole?
Contains cell sap. Helps to keep the plant rigid
What’s the function of chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis takes place here to make food for the plant
What are the properties of a bacteria cell?
No nucleus, simple cell structure, cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm, chromosomal DNA (carries most of the genes), flagellum (helps them move, plasmid DNA (contain additional genes that aren’t found in chromosomes), ribosomes
What are the properties of an egg cell?
Contains nutrients in the cytoplasm to supply the growing embryo, after fertilisation the membrane changes so that no more sperm can enter. Haploid nucleus, cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm
What are the properties of a sperm cell?
A rain to swim to the egg for fertilisation, many mitochondria around the base of the tail release energy needed to propel the sperm, haploid nucleus so that it can fuse with the haploid nucleus of of the end to form a diploid zygote. The acrosome contains enzymes to help digest the cell membrane of the egg
What are the properties of an ciliated epithelial cell?
Move things along the tubes (mucus) like the trachea. The cilia move kicks which contains dirt and bacteria away from the lungs.
It has cilia, mitochondria, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes
What are the properties of a roof hair cell?
Absorbs water by diffusion. Large surface area to increase the absorption of water and mineral ions.
It has a cytoplasm, vacuole, nucleus’s, cell wall, cell membrane
Name three structures that are found in most plant cells but not animal cells, and describe there function
Chloroplasts- photosynthesis to make food for plant
Cell wall- cellulose, tough so it helps support the cell and helps keep its shape
Vacuole- cell sap which helps keep the plant cell rigid
