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science > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

1
Q

cells

A

the smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things. There are many different sized and shaped cells in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms.

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2
Q

microscope

A

an instrument for viewing small objects

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3
Q

unicellular

A

describes an organism having only one cell

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4
Q

multicellular

A

having many cells. Most plants and animals are multicellular.

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5
Q

cell membrane

A

structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out

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6
Q

cytosol

A

the fluid found inside cells

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7
Q

ribosomes

A

small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

the jelly-like material inside a cell. It contains many organelles such as the nucleus and vacuoles.

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9
Q

metabolism

A

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

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10
Q

binary fission

A

reproduction by the division of an organism (usually a single cell) into two new organisms

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11
Q

light microscopes

A

instrument for viewing very small objects. A light microscope can magnify things up to 1500 times.

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12
Q

electron microscopes

A

instrument for viewing very small objects. An electron microscope is much more powerful than a light microscope and can magnify things up to a million times

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13
Q

micrometre

A

a length of one millionth of a metre

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14
Q

nanometre

A

a unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a metre

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15
Q

nanotechnology

A

a rapidly developing field that includes studying and investigating cells and other objects of the smallest dimensions

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16
Q

Prokaryotes

A

organism classified as belonging to the Prokaryotae kingdom

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17
Q

eukaryote

A

member of the group of organisms that has a membrane around the nucleus in each of their cells

18
Q

binary fission

A

reproduction by the division of an organism (usually a single cell) into two new organisms

19
Q

cell membrane

A

the thin layer that encloeses the cytosol is the cell membrane. it also keeps the cell together and gives it shape

20
Q

nucleus

A

it is the control centre for the cell and contains DNA

21
Q

cell wall

A

it covers the plant cell and gives the cell strenght and holds them in shape

22
Q

chromosomes

A

tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes contain the DNA that carries genetic information.

23
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid

A

the chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism

24
Q

DNA

A

the chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism

25
Q

mitosis

A

cell division process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

26
Q

clones

A

identical copy

27
Q

cytokinesis

A

the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells

28
Q

infectious diseases

A

disease that can be transferred from one organism to another

29
Q

non-infectious diseases

A

disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another

30
Q

antibiotics

A

substance derived from a micro-organism and used to kill bacteria in the body

31
Q

disinfectants

A

chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living objects

32
Q

iseptics

A

mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes

33
Q

bactericidal

A

describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria

34
Q

bacteriostatic

A

describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but doesn’t kill them

35
Q

phloem

A

type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant

36
Q

translocation

A

transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

37
Q

xylem vessels

A

pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of dead xylem cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down. Lignin in the cell walls gives them strength.

38
Q

lignin

A

a hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems. Lignin forms up to 30 per cent of the wood of trees.

39
Q

stomata

A

small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells. Singular = stoma.

40
Q

vacuoles.

A

sacs within a cell used to store food and wastes. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole. Animal cells have several small vacuoles or none at all

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