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IMMS > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Which stain is used to stain acidic things blue?

A

Haematoxylin

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2
Q

Which stain is used to stain alkaline things pink?

A

Eosin

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3
Q

Which parts of the cell does haematoxylin stain blue?

A

Cell nuclei and RNA

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4
Q

Which parts of the cell does eosin stain pink?

A

Cytoplasm and. colloidal proteins

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5
Q

Which parts of the cell does eosin stain orange/red?

A

Keratin

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6
Q

Does fat stain?

A

No

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7
Q

Name some structures that alcian blue stains blue.

A
  1. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) rich structures e.g. connective tissue
  2. Goblet cells
  3. Mast cell granules
  4. Cartilage matrix
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8
Q

Which structures does iron haematoxylin stain black?

A

Nuclei and elastic fibres

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9
Q

What colour does periodic acid schiff stain magenta?

A

Hexose sugars

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10
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A
  1. Brain of the cell

2. Houses DNA as chromatin within the nucleolus

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11
Q

Is the nucleus double membraned?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Site of oxidative phosphorylation

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13
Q

Is the mitochondria doubled membraned?

A

Yes, the inner membrane is highly folded

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14
Q

What are the functions of the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondria?

A

Outer membrane: Lipid synthesis, fatty acid metabolism

Inner membrane: Electron transport, ATP production

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15
Q

What is the function of the matrix of the mitochondria?

A

Site of Tricarboxylic acid cycle (Kreb’s)

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16
Q

What is the function of the intramembranous space of the mitochondria?

A

Site of nucleotide phosphorylation (ADP to ATP)

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17
Q

What is the function of the RER?

A

Site of protein synthesis

18
Q

What is the function of the SER?

A
  1. Site of membrane lipid synthesis

2. Processes and stores synthesised proteins

19
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Processes and modifies macromolecules

20
Q

Name the 3 parts of the Golgi apparatus.

A

Cis golgi - protein phosphorylation
Medial golgi - adds sugars to products
Trans golgi - proteolysis of peptides into active forms

21
Q

What is the function of vesicles?

A

Transport and store material

22
Q

Which vesicles contain digestive enzymes?

A

Lysosomes

23
Q

Which process are peroxisomes used for?

A

Beta oxidation. Fatty acids are broken down into carbon fragments used for generating ATP

24
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Brace internal structure of cell. Maintains shape and internal organisation

25
Q

What are microfilaments made of?

A

Actin

26
Q

What are microtubules made of?

A

Tubulin

27
Q

Which storage molecule has an orange-brown pigment and is common in the heart and liver?

A

Lipofuscin

28
Q

Where is lipid stored?

A

Adipocytes and liver

29
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

Liver and muscles

30
Q

What is the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes made up of?

A

Glycolipids: Communication
Glycoproteins: Cell to cell recognition + act as receptors
Cholesterol: Maintains fluidity in membrane

31
Q

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

A
  1. Acts as a selective barrier to the passage of molecules.

2. Acts as a barrier to the outside environment

32
Q

What is the function of an adherens junction?

A

Joins actin bundles in one cell to another cell, keeping cells together

33
Q

How do intermediate filaments enable cell to cell adhesion?

A

Via desmosomes

34
Q

What do hemidesmosomes do?

A

Anchor intermediate filaments in a cell to the basal lamina

35
Q

Which energetic process engulfs molecules into a cell?

A

Endocytosis

36
Q

Which cells implement phagocytosis?

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

37
Q

How does exocytosis work?

A

Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus fuse with the cell surface membrane. Expulsion of waste/enzymes/hormones.

38
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Movement of solutes from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through protein channels.

39
Q

What is passive diffusion?

A

Movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, down the concentration gradient.

40
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of solutes from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration against the concentration gradient. ATP is required.

41
Q

What do tyrosine kinase receptors do?

A

Transfers a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in the cell. Acts as an on/off switch.

IMMS (12 decks)

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