Cells

Question 1

What is the nucleus?

Answer 1

Controls activities of cell, contains genes that carry instructions for building new cells or organisms.

Question 2

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

A liquid gel in which organelles are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions take place.

Question 3

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 3

Controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Question 4

What are mitochondria?

Answer 4

Where aerobic respiration takes place releasing energy for the cell

Question 5

What are ribosomes?

Answer 5

Where protein synthesis takes place. Making all the proteins needed for the cell.

Question 6

What is a cell wall?

Answer 6

Made of cellulose that strengthens cell and gives support only found in plant cells.

Question 7

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 7

Contains chlorophyll to make food by photosynthesis. Only found in plant cells.

Question 8

What is the permanent vacuole?

Answer 8

Space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. Important for keeping cells rigid to support the plant.

Question 9

What is the size of an average animal cell?

Answer 9

10-30 micrometres

Question 10

What is the size of an average plant cell?

Answer 10

10-100 micrometres

Question 11

What is the difference between an optical and electron microscope

Answer 11

Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of visible light to form highly magnified images.

Question 12

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 12

Are single celled organisms. They are bacteria.are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. They have no nucleus.

Question 13

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 13

Are evolved form prokaryotes. They are much longer and more complex. Unlike prokaryotic cells they contain a nucleus and organelles.

Question 14

Equation for actual size

Answer 14

Actual size = image size/magnificatiom

Question 15

Use of nerve cells?

Answer 15

Nerve cells carry electrical impulses around the body providing the communication between different parts of the body telling them what to do.
Has lots of dendrites to make connections with other cells
The nerve endings can pass impulses to other cells or muscles using special transmitter cells

Question 16

Use of sperm cells?

Answer 16

Are the male gametes. Containing genetic information from the male parent.
Long tail to help sperm move
Middle section full of mitochondria
Nucleus contains genetic information

Question 17

Use of muscle cells?

Answer 17

They work together in tissues to contract and relax to move the skeleton

Contain special proteins that slide over each other making the fibres contract and relax.

Question 18

Use of root hair cells?

Answer 18

On tips of roots to help take up water and minerals more efficiently

Greatly increases surface area for water to move into cell
Large permanent vacuole to speed up movement of water by osmosis.

Question 19

Use of xylem cells

Answer 19

Xylem carries water and mineral ions from the roots to the highest leaves and shoots. They are also important for supporting the plant

Spirals make the cell very strong allowing them to withstand pressure of water moving through the plant.

Question 20

Use of phloem cells?

Answer 20

Transports food made by photosynthesis around the plant

Cell walls between the cells breakdown to form special sieve plates allowing water coming from dissolved food to move more freely.