Cells Flashcards
Hypotonic solution
The plant cell swells up with water because the surrounding solution is more dilute than the cell. Will become turgid but will not pop. Lysis.
Hypertonic solution
More water in the cell than in the surrounding solution. The cytoplasm crevates because of the high concentration of salt in water.
Active transport
Particles move from low to high concentration. ATP. How minerals move. Low concentration in the soil to high concentration in the plant.
Isotonic solution
When the same in the cell and outside the cell
What is a passive process
Does not require energy
What is the function of the cell surface membrane
This controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell it is partially and selectively permeable and. That means that it allows some chemicals to pass through it but not others
Some small molecules pass through minute pores in the membrane, and the process does not require energy. Other, usually larger molecules pass through the membrane via specific pathways and may pass through when there is a greater concentration inside compared with outside the cell. This process requires energy
Cytoplasm
This is where the chemical reactions of the cell occur such as respiration and protein manufacture. It contains A range of small structures called organelles for example the chloroplasts in the plants cell cytoplasm where photosynthesis and carbohydrates storage takes place
Mitochondria
Which is involved in the storage of energy in the form of ATP released by respiration. All the mitochondria are present in almost all cells, they are not present in the cells of prokaryotes. Mitochondrial has many folds called Cristae. On it in the walls and it is on these folds that the process of aerobic respiration takes place. It is for this reason that mitochondrial referred to as the powerhouse of the cells
Nucleus
Please call me regarding the controls the cells activities. It’s like structures called chromosomes that are made largely of DNA.
DNA forms jeans that are responsible for programming the cytoplasm to manufacture particular protein
When any Cell other than those that produce reproductive cells gametes divides, it’s nucleus does so by a process called mitosis
Cell wall
Plant cells are enclosed in a box of flexible but tough carbohydrate called cellulose which is completely permeable substance. Thus it does not in any way affect materials passing in and out but it helps the cells to
Keep it shape
Prevent the cell from bursting as it absorbs water
Maintain a pressure within the cell (tugor pressure) to keep the plant firm and upright
Sap vacuole
The importance of the structure is to contain a solution more concentrated than the solution in the soil water around the plant. A more concentrated solution has a lower water potential and this causes water molecules to enter the plant from the soil by osmosis
What is in a plant cell that is not in an animal cell
Sap vacuole
Cell wall
May have chloroplasts
May store startch
Function of ciliates cells
To sweep Micah’s in which dust and bacteria are trapped up the bronchi and trachea towards the threat where it is swallowed
How are ciliated cells adapted to this function
Are found in the lining of the walls of the trachea in the respiratory tract. Each cell bears a fringe of minute projections (cilia)
The cilia perform an upward beating motion that carries the mucus and released by neighbouring cells upward like a moving carpet
ciliated cell
found in the trachea and bronchi, moves the mucas towards the throat.
