Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Bio 1101 > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

function of the nucleus

A
  • the genetic control center of cellular activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function of the endoplasmic reticulum

A

ER synthesises steroids and other lipids, detoxifies alchohol and other drugs and manufactuers all membranes of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

rough ER

A
  • produces phospholipids and proteins of the plasma membrane nd synthersizes proteins that are either packaged in organelles such as lysomomes or secreted from the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

smooth ER

A
  • detoxifies and proliferates drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ribosomes

A
  • read coded messages
  • assemble amino acids into proteins specified by the code
  • attach to rough ER when they make proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

golgi complex

A
  • recieves and modifies newly syntherzied polypeptides, syntherzies CHO, adds CHO to gycoproteins and packages cell products into golgi vesicals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

golgi vesicals

A
  • becomes secretory vesicals and carry cell products to apical surface for exocytosis or become lysomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lysosomes

A

contain enzymes for intracelluar digestion, autophagy, programmed cell death and glucose mobilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mitochondria

A

ATP synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

centrioles

A

form mitotic spindle during cell division; unpaired centrioles form basal bodies of cilia and flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

microvilli

A

increase absorpitive surface area; widespread sensory roles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

flagellum

A

sperm motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cilia

A

move substances along cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

microtubules

A

enable motility of cell parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

plasma membrane

A

it defines the boundries of the cell, governs its interactions with other cells, and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

membrane proteins

A
  • integral proteins
  • transmembrane proteins
  • peripheral proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

functions of membrane proteins

A
  • receptors
  • second messenger systems
  • channel proteins
  • enzyme
  • gated channel
  • cell adhesion molecules
  • cell identity markers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

filtration

A

movement of material without the aid of a carrier protein

19
Q

simple diffusion

A

movement of water and solutes through a selectivley permerable membrane as a result of a different gradient

20
Q

osmosis

A

net flow worth of water through a selectivley permable membrane driven by either a difference in solute concentration or a mechanical force

21
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

transport of particlas through a selectivley permeable membrane down their concnetration gradient by a carrier that does not directly consume ATP

22
Q

active transport

A

transport of particlas through a selectivley permeable membrane up their concnetration gradient by a carrier that does consume ATP

23
Q

endocytosis

A

vesicular transport of particals into a cell

24
Q

exocytosis

A

process of eliminating material from the cell

25
Q

protein synthesis

A

when a gene is activated a MRNA is made of the gene. the MRNA migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where is serves as a code for assembling amino acids in a particular order to make a protein

26
Q

transcription

A

RNA polyermarse binds to the DNA and assembles the RNA. it reads the base sequences from DNA and makes a corresponding RNA.

27
Q

translation

A 
3 steps: 
1- initiation
2- enlongation 
3- termination
4- making proteins for packaging or export
28
Q

initiation

A

mRNA passes through a nucelar pore into the cytosol and forms a loop. A ribsome binds to the subunit and slides along the mRNA until it finds a start codon (AUG). the initiator tRNA with the matching anticodon pairs with the start codon embraces the mRNA groove reading its bases.

29
Q

elongation

A

the next tRNA arrives and binds with the A site of the ribosome and continues to make a chain of amino acids as the ribosomes slide along the bases reading the code.

30
Q

termination

A

when the ribosome reaches the stop condon its A site binds a protein called a release factor instead of tRNA. The release factors causes the finished protein to break away from the ribosome and go off into the cytsol. The ribsome then dissociates into its two subunits

31
Q

making proteins for packaging ir export

A

is a protein is to be packaged into a lysosome or secreted from the cell the ribosome docks onto the rough endplasmic reticulum. The ER modifies this protein and packages it into transport vesicles.

32
Q

G1 (first gap phase)

A
  • cell synthesizes proteins, grows and carries out preordained tasks for the body
  • accumalte materials needed to replicate DNA
33
Q

synthesis phase

A

in which the cell makes a dupilcate copy of the centrioles and all of its nuclear DNA. The two identical sets of DNA molecules are then available to be divided up between daughter cells at the next cell divison

34
Q

G2 phase

A
  • cell growth, makes more organelles, finishes replicating centrioles, and synthesizes rzes enzymes that control cell division
35
Q

M miotic phase

A

cell replicates its nucleus and then pinches in two form two new daughter cells

36
Q

mitosis functions

A
  • development of an individual
  • growth of tissues and organs
  • replacement of cells that die
  • repair of damaged tissues
37
Q

prophase

A

chromsomes condense and nucelar envelope breaks down. Spindle fibre grows from centrioles, centrioels migrate to opposite poles of cell

38
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes lie along midline of cell. Long microtubules reach out from each centriole to the chromsomes and shorten.

39
Q

anaphase

A

centromeres divide into 2. Spindel fibres pull sister chromatides to opposite poles of cells.

40
Q

telophase

A

chromsomes gather at each pole of cell. Chromatin decondenses. New nuclear envelope appears at each pole. new nuceoli appear in each nucleus. Miotic spindel vanishes.

41
Q

DNA structure

A

is a long threadlike molecule with diameter of 2nm.

  • double helix composed of a back bone os phosphate groups alternating with the sugar deoxyribose
  • DNA is a polymer of nucleotides which consists of sugar and a phosphate group
42
Q

Chromosome structure

A

DNA is complexed with proteins called chromatin which occurs as long filaments called chromosomes

43
Q

differene between RNA and DNA

A 
DNA
- deoxyribose 
- ATCG
- 2 double helix 
- functions in nucleas cannot leave 
- codes for synthesis of RNA and protein
RNA
- ribose 
- one 
- leaves nucleas functions mainly in cytoplasm 
- carries out the instructions in DNA assembles proteins

Human Bio 1101 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions