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Biology F211 > CELLS > Flashcards

CELLS Flashcards

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1
Q

NUCLEUS

A
  • Contains genetic information

- Controls the cell

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2
Q

NUCLEOLUS

A

Produces ribosomes

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3
Q

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

A
  • Contains the genetic material
  • Has nuclear pores which allow communication between the nucleus
    and cytoplasm by allowing molecules to enter / leave the nucleus
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4
Q

RER

A
  • Produces and transports proteins
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5
Q

SER

A
  • Produces and transports lipids
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6
Q

GOLGI APPARATUS

A
  • Modification and packaging of proteins

- Produces vesicles

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7
Q

RIBOSOMES

A
  • Protein synthesis

- Translation

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8
Q

LYSOSOMES

A
  • Contain hydrolytic enzymes which are used to digest organelles
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9
Q

CHLOROPLASTS

A
  • Photosynthesis
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10
Q

PLASMA MEMBRANE

A
  • Controls entry/exit of substances into/out of the cell

- Acts as a barrier separating the cell contents from the environment

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11
Q

CENTRIOLES

A
  • Formation of spindle fibres during cell division
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12
Q

FLAGELLA

A
  • Movement of cell
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13
Q

CILIA

A
  • Wafts mucus and bacteria trapped within away from lungs
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14
Q

CYTOPLASM

A
  • Site of chemical reactions
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15
Q

CELL WALL

A
  • Gives cell shape, strength and support
  • Prevents bursting
  • Fully permeable
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16
Q

VACUOLE

A
  • Provides the cell with support

- Controls water potential

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16
Q

What is difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic - Have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic - Don’t have a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles

17
Q

What is the middle of a mitochondrion called?

A

Matrix

18
Q

What is the centre of a chloroplast called?

A

Storma

20
Q

What is the type of DNA in a mitochondrion?

A

Circular

21
Q

How many membranes are there in a mitochondrion? Name them.

A

Three:

  • Inner membrane
  • Inter membrane
  • Outer membrane
22
Q

What are the similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A
  • They both an inner membrane, an inter membrane and an outer membrane.
  • Both have ribosomes and DNA
23
Q

What are the differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

Mitochondria - Aerobic respiration
Chloroplasts - Photosynthesis

Mitochondria - Folded membrane
Chloroplasts - Not folded

Mitochondria - Centre is the Matrix
Chloroplasts - Centre is the storma

24
Q

Why do some diagrams of the same organelle (mitochondria) appear different?

A
  • Mitochondria vary in shape and length

- Diagrams show different cross sections

25
Q

Outline the events that occur during the release of extra cellular proteins out of the cell.

A
  • Proteins move into the Golgi apparatus where they are modified and packaged into vesicles.
  • The vesicles moves into the plasma membrane where it fuses with the membrane
  • The proteins are released by exocytosis.
26
Q

Where does energy required for the movement of the cytoskeleton come from?

A
  • ATP is produces during aerobic respiration in mitochondria which releases energy
27
Q

Outline the roles of the cytoskeleton.

A
  • Provides strength to the cell
  • Movement of flagella for cell movement
  • Movement of cilia to move mucus containing bacteria
  • Attaches to organelles to hold them in place
  • Make up centrioles
28
Q

NUCLEOID DNA

A
  • Contains essential genetic information

- Controls the cell

29
Q

PLASMID

A
  • Contains beneficial genetic information
30
Q

MESOSOME

A
  • Produce ATP to release energy through aerobic respiration
31
Q

SLIME CAPSULE

A
  • Contains hydrolytic enzymes

- Protects against dehydration

32
Q

What’s is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell called?

A

Nucleoid DNA

33
Q

How many membranes are there in a prokaryotic cell? Name them.

A

Three:

  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Cell capsule
34
Q

What is division of labour?

A

Any system where different parts perform specialised functions, each contributing to the functioning of the whole cell

35
Q

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

EUKARYOTIC

  • True nucleus
  • Membrane bound organelles
  • Linear DNA
  • Larger cell size
  • Larger ribosomes
  • DNA associated with his tone proteins
  • Cellulose cell wall in plants
  • No plasmid
36
Q

What is the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell made of?

A

Peptidoglycan

37
Q

What is the size of an eukaryotic cell?

A

20-40μm

38
Q

What is the size of a prokaryotic cell?

A

0.5-5μm

39
Q

What is the size of a ribosome in an eukaryotic cell?

A

22nn

40
Q

What is the size of a ribosome in a prokaryotic cell?

A

18nn

41
Q

What are the differences between animal and plant cells?

A

ANIMAL

  • No cell wall
  • No large permanent vacuole
  • No chloroplasts present
  • Centrioles present

Biology F211 (11 decks)

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