Cells Flashcards
0
Q
Describe the cell wall
A
- Tough outer covering that lies outside the cell
- Nonliving; thicker than the cell membrane; gives shape and support
- Only in plant cells
1
Q
Describe the cell membrane
A
- The living boundary of a cell
- Flexible - allows the cell to change shape
- Selectively permeable to certain substances
- Controls which molecules enter and leave
2
Q
Describe cytoplasm
A
- A clear gel-like fluid surrounded by the cell membrane
2. Place where many important life processes occur
3
Q
Describe endoplasmic reticulum
A
- A folded network of membranes within the cytoplasm
- Provides a way for substances to move
- Place where many many cell processes, such as photosynthesis, occur
4
Q
Describe a vacuole
A
- A space, surrounded by a membrane, for the temporary storage or water and other substances
- Usually one large vacuole in a plant cell; small and more numerous vacuoles in animal cells
5
Q
Describe a nucleus
A
- Usually the largest organelle in a cell
- Surrounded by a nuclear membrane
- Contains necessary info to control the functions of the cell
6
Q
Describe a mitochondria
A
- Organelles found in the cytoplasm that use oxygen to release energy from food molecules during cellular respiration
7
Q
Describe chloroplast
A
- An organelle in the cytoplasm that contains green chlorophyll
- Chlorophyll transforms energy from sunlight to make food
8
Q
Describe the cell theory
A
- All organisms are made of one or more cells
- A cell is the basic unit of life that can perform the processes necessary for life
- All cells come from cells that already exist
9
Q
Describe the shape of a plant cell
A
Rectangular
10
Q
Describe a chromosome
A
- Tightly wound sections of DNA
- Directs life processes
- Usually occur in pairs
11
Q
Describe the shape of an animal cell
A
Irregular; shaped to fit the function of the cell
12
Q
State the steps in the cell cycle
A
Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
13
Q
Describe interphase
A
- Phase where the cell grows and carries out life functions
- Changes take place to prepare for cell division
- Near the end of interphase, the DNA of the cell is duplicated so each new daughter cell gets a complete set of chromosomes
14
Q
What are the four steps of mitosis?
A
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase