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Science > Atoms/Periodic Table > Flashcards

Atoms/Periodic Table Flashcards

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0
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is an atom with an irregular amount of electrons. It is a positive ion if there are less ions, and it is a negative ion is there are more electrons.

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1
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An isotope is an atom that has an irregular amount of neutrons

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2
Q

What can’t there be an irregular amount of protons?

A

If there were more or less protons, it would be a different element

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3
Q

Describe a proton

A

A proton is a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus

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4
Q

Describe an electron

A

A subtonic particle with a negative charge

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5
Q

Describe a neutron

A

A subtonic particle with no charge. Neutrons can also be found in the nucleus of an atom

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6
Q

What is the atomic mass of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons make up the atomic mass

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7
Q

How do you find the amount of protons an atom has?

A

You look at the atomic number

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8
Q

How do you find the amount of electrons an atom has?

A

You look at the amount of protons (unless it’s an ion)

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9
Q

How do you find the amount of neutrons an atom has?

A

Atomic mass - atomic number

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10
Q

Where are electrons found?

A

They are found outside the nucleus

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11
Q

How can you find out the amount of valence electrons in an atom?

A

You look at the ones place of the group number (column)

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12
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

They are responsible for how an atom chemically reacts. Valence electrons are located away from the rest of the electrons

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13
Q

What are the categories given to some groups on the periodic table, and what are the group numbers?

A 
1 - Alkali Metals
2 - Alkaline Earth Metals
13 - Boron
14 - Carbon
15 - Nitrogen
16 - Oxygen
17 - Halogens
18 - Noble Gases
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14
Q

What are the elements placed in the middle of the periodic table classified as?

A

Transition elements

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of alkali metals?

A
  1. Group 1
  2. Very reactive; most reactive (along with group 17)
  3. More reactive because they only have one valence electron
16
Q

What are the characteristics of alkaline earth metals?

A
  1. Group 2
  2. All metals
  3. Good conductors
  4. Two valence electrons
  5. Very reactive, but less reactive than alkali metals
17
Q

Where can you find metals on the periodic table?

A

On the left side of the zig-zag

18
Q

Where can you find nonmetals on the periodic table?

A

On the right of the zig-zag

19
Q

Where can you find metalloids on the periodic table?

A

Bordering the zig-zag

20
Q

What do you call a horizontal row on a periodic table?

A

A period

21
Q

What do you call a vertical row on a periodic table?

A

A group or family

22
Q

What do all elements in the same group have in common?

A

The amount of valence electrons and reactivity

23
Q

What it the most common state of matter on the periodic table?

A

Solids

24
Q

Do larger elements have lower reactivity than smaller elements?

A

No; larger elements have higher reactivity

25
Q

What group has the least reactivity?

A

Group 18 or the noble gases

26
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more elements combined by chemical bonds

27
Q

What do organic compounds always have?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and comes from living or once living things

28
Q

Describe an inorganic compound

A

A bonded compound that has carbon but not hydrogen

29
Q

Describe a molecule

A

The smallest unit of a substance that maintains both physical and chemical properties

30
Q

Describe an ionic bond

A
  1. Formed when electrons move from one atom to the other
  2. Form so outermost energy levels (valence) of the atoms are filled
  3. Becomes an ion when electrons are transferred
  4. Brittle solids
  5. Bond between metals and nonmetals
  6. Conducts electricity
  7. Soluble in water
31
Q

Describe a covalent bond

A
  1. Formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
  2. Low melting and high boiling points
  3. Bond between nonmetals and nonmetals
  4. Low solubility
  5. Poor conductor
32
Q

What family of elements does not usually form compounds?

A

Noble gases because they already have a full set of valence electrons

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