Atoms/Periodic Table Flashcards
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom with an irregular amount of electrons. It is a positive ion if there are less ions, and it is a negative ion is there are more electrons.
What is an isotope?
An isotope is an atom that has an irregular amount of neutrons
What can’t there be an irregular amount of protons?
If there were more or less protons, it would be a different element
Describe a proton
A proton is a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus
Describe an electron
A subtonic particle with a negative charge
Describe a neutron
A subtonic particle with no charge. Neutrons can also be found in the nucleus of an atom
What is the atomic mass of an atom?
Protons and neutrons make up the atomic mass
How do you find the amount of protons an atom has?
You look at the atomic number
How do you find the amount of electrons an atom has?
You look at the amount of protons (unless it’s an ion)
How do you find the amount of neutrons an atom has?
Atomic mass - atomic number
Where are electrons found?
They are found outside the nucleus
How can you find out the amount of valence electrons in an atom?
You look at the ones place of the group number (column)
What are valence electrons?
They are responsible for how an atom chemically reacts. Valence electrons are located away from the rest of the electrons
What are the categories given to some groups on the periodic table, and what are the group numbers?
1 - Alkali Metals 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals 13 - Boron 14 - Carbon 15 - Nitrogen 16 - Oxygen 17 - Halogens 18 - Noble Gases
What are the elements placed in the middle of the periodic table classified as?
Transition elements
What are the characteristics of alkali metals?
- Group 1
- Very reactive; most reactive (along with group 17)
- More reactive because they only have one valence electron
What are the characteristics of alkaline earth metals?
- Group 2
- All metals
- Good conductors
- Two valence electrons
- Very reactive, but less reactive than alkali metals
Where can you find metals on the periodic table?
On the left side of the zig-zag
Where can you find nonmetals on the periodic table?
On the right of the zig-zag
Where can you find metalloids on the periodic table?
Bordering the zig-zag
What do you call a horizontal row on a periodic table?
A period
What do you call a vertical row on a periodic table?
A group or family
What do all elements in the same group have in common?
The amount of valence electrons and reactivity
What it the most common state of matter on the periodic table?
Solids
Do larger elements have lower reactivity than smaller elements?
No; larger elements have higher reactivity
What group has the least reactivity?
Group 18 or the noble gases
What is a compound?
Two or more elements combined by chemical bonds
What do organic compounds always have?
Carbon, hydrogen, and comes from living or once living things
Describe an inorganic compound
A bonded compound that has carbon but not hydrogen
Describe a molecule
The smallest unit of a substance that maintains both physical and chemical properties
Describe an ionic bond
- Formed when electrons move from one atom to the other
- Form so outermost energy levels (valence) of the atoms are filled
- Becomes an ion when electrons are transferred
- Brittle solids
- Bond between metals and nonmetals
- Conducts electricity
- Soluble in water
Describe a covalent bond
- Formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
- Low melting and high boiling points
- Bond between nonmetals and nonmetals
- Low solubility
- Poor conductor
What family of elements does not usually form compounds?
Noble gases because they already have a full set of valence electrons
