Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

bio > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the cellulose cell wall?

A

Provides mechanical support and prevents over-expansion of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, carbohydrate chains, and cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

A

Controls movement of substances, protects the cell, and maintains internal environment; partially permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the cytoplasm contain?

A

Cytosol, cytoskeleton, and organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of the cytoplasm?

A

Site of chemical reactions, supports organelles, enables cytoplasmic streaming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the structure of the nucleus?

A

Spherical; has nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains genetic material and controls cell activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Flattened membrane sacs with ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of rough ER?

A

Synthesises and folds proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Network of fine tubules without ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the functions of smooth ER?

A

Synthesises lipids, detoxifies drugs, stores calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Stacks of flattened membrane-bound sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Modifies, packages and transports proteins and lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structure of lysosomes?

A

Small spherical vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the functions of lysosomes?

A

Digests nutrients and worn-out organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the structure of animal vacuoles?

A

Small fluid-filled sacs with a single membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the functions of animal vacuoles?

A

Stores food or water temporarily, helps expel excess water (contractile vacuole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the structure of plant vacuoles?

A

Large central vacuole with a tonoplast membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the functions of plant vacuoles?

A

Stores nutrients and waste, provides turgor, may contain pigments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the structure of mitochondria?

A

Rod-shaped with double membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Site of aerobic respiration, produces ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the structure of chloroplasts?

A

Double membrane, contains chlorophyll, thylakoids and stroma

23
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Site of photosynthesis

24
Q

What is the structure of ribosomes?

A

Small round structures, either free or bound to ER

25
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of polypeptide/protein synthesis
26
What is the structure of centrioles?
Small hollow cylinders in pairs (in animal cells)
27
What is the function of centrioles?
Play a role in cell division
28
What is protein synthesis?
Process where ribosomes make polypeptides based on genetic instructions (transcription and translation)
29
Where does protein synthesis happen?
Polypeptides are made in ribosomes and folded in the rough ER
30
What happens after proteins are made in the rough ER?
They are packed into transport vesicles that move to the Golgi apparatus
31
What happens inside the Golgi apparatus?
Proteins are chemically modified and packed into secretory vesicles
32
What happens to secretory vesicles?
They move to and fuse with the cell membrane to release contents outside the cell (exocytosis)
33
What is lipid synthesis and how is it similar to protein secretion?
Lipids are made in the smooth ER and follow a similar pathway to the Golgi and then out of the cell
34
What is the key difference between protein and lipid synthesis?
Proteins are made at ribosomes on rough ER; lipids are made in the smooth ER
35
Where are lysosomal enzymes made?
Synthesised on rough ER
36
How are lysosomes formed?
Lysosomal enzymes are transported to the Golgi, modified, and packaged into lysosomes
37
Why must lysosomal enzymes be kept in vesicles?
They could digest the cell if released freely
38
What structures are common to both animal and plant cells?
Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria
39
What structure provides support and shape in plant cells but is absent in animal cells?
Cell wall
40
Which organelle is present in plant cells for photosynthesis but absent in animal cells?
Chloroplast
41
What type of vacuole is found in animal cells?
Small, numerous vacuoles
42
What type of vacuole is found in plant cells?
One large, central vacuole
43
Which organelle is present in animal cells but absent in plant cells?
Centrioles
44
What is the structural adaptation of the root hair cell?
Long, narrow extension
45
What is the function of the root hair cell's long extension?
Increases surface area to volume ratio to absorb more water and mineral salts
46
What is the structural adaptation of a red blood cell related to hemoglobin?
Cytoplasm filled with hemoglobin
47
What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
Binds with oxygen to transport it throughout the body
48
What is the structural adaptation of a red blood cell related to its nucleus?
Lacks a nucleus
49
What is the function of lacking a nucleus in red blood cells?
Allows more space to pack hemoglobin for oxygen transport
50
What is the structural adaptation of a red blood cell related to its shape?
Biconcave shape
51
What is the function of the biconcave shape in red blood cells?
Increases surface area to volume ratio for faster gas exchange
52
What is the structural adaptation of muscle cells?
Elongated shape with many mitochondria
53
What is the function of the many mitochondria in muscle cells?
Provides energy for muscle contraction through aerobic respiration
54
What is the structure of the cell wall?
Cellulose fibres embedded within a polysaccharide matrix, fully permeable

bio (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions