intro bm Flashcards
What are nutrients?
Chemical substances in food that provide energy and materials needed by the body.
What are biological molecules?
Critically important molecules needed for organisms to survive.
What do biological molecules contain?
Carbon atoms arranged in rings or chains (organic molecules).
What are the types of biological molecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (covered in Year 4).
What are macromolecules?
Large molecules, bigger than typical chemical compounds.
What are the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates?
Monomers: Monosaccharides, Polymers: Polysaccharides.
What are the monomers and polymers of proteins?
Monomers: Amino acids, Polymers: Polypeptides & Proteins.
What are the monomers and polymers of lipids?
Lipids have no true monomers or polymers.
What elements are found in carbohydrates?
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O).
What elements are found in lipids?
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O).
What elements are found in proteins?
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and sometimes Sulfur (S).
What type of bond is found in carbohydrates?
Glycosidic bond.
What type of bond is found in lipids?
Ester bond.
What type of bond is found in proteins?
Peptide bond.
What is the hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio rule?
1 must be a carbohydrate, the other has no fixed ratio.
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides.
What are the building blocks of lipids?
3 fatty acid chains & 1 glycerol molecule.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids.
What is the rule for comparing oxygen to carbon & hydrogen proportions?
Only for carbohydrates and lipids, and it’s not the best method.
What should you do when referencing a graph?
Quote the x-axis and y-axis data.
When should you use ‘consist’ vs ‘contain’?
Use ‘contain’ because ‘consist’ means ‘ONLY contain’.
