Cells Flashcards
Flat sacs in eukaryotic cells and their function
Cisternae
Essential for cells overall packaging, modification and transport
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum and what is the function
Ribosomes are attached to it for protein synthesis
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and what is its function
Synthesises lipids and carbohydrates
What is mitochondria for
Aerobic respiration
What is the Golgi and what does it do
Packages the protein to the secretary vesicle which fuses to the cell membrane to release he rote in
What is enclosed in the nucleus
DNA which controls the activities of the cell
Shape of dna in nucleus
Chromatin is not coiled
What is special about the nucleus
Double membrane structure
Function of the nucleolus
Where ribosomes are made
What is distinct about the nucleolus
Dense and dark
Function of the nuclear pore
Allows substances in and out
Size of nuclear pore
120 nanometres
Size of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells
80s
Function os lysozymes
Digestive enzymes that break down old organelles and pathogens
Name of cell death
Apoktosis
What is special about the mitochondria
Double membrane structure
Inner membrane of the mitochondria
Cristae
Why is cristae an advantage in mitochondria
Increases surface area
What is the fluid in mitochondria called
Matrix
Function of matrix
Contains substances needed for respiration
Advantage of mitochondria
It has its own dna so it can produce it’s own enzymes to replicate itself
What is special about the chloroplast
Double membrane structure
What is the thylakoid in the chloroplast
Flattened membrane
Stacked up thylakoids
Granum/grana
Stacked up thylakoids
Granum/grana
Bridges that join up grana
Lamellae
Liquid in chloroplast
Stroma
What is the cell wall made up of in eukaryotic cells
Cellulose
3 functions of cellulose
Provides mechanical strength
Protects the cell from bursting
Permeable to water transport so allows transport to occur between cells
What is a tonoplast in animal cells
Membrane bound sac
Function of vacuole in animal cells
Contains minerals, sugars and amino acids
Function of the tonoplast
Maintains cell structure as it keeps the cell rigid when vacuole if filled with liquid
What are the chromosomes like in prokaryotic cells
Linear
What are the chromosomes like in prokaryotes
Circular
Function of meosome in prokaryotic cells
Folding of the cell membrane where some chemical reactions take place, like respiration
What is the cell wall made up of in prokaryotes cells
Peptidoglycan
Function of flagellum in prok cells
Movement
What is the slime capsule for in prok cells
Prevents dehydration
Size of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells
70s
DNA in prokaryotic cells
Free in the nuclioid region
Roles of organelles in the production, transportation and release of proteins
Ribosomes on rer for protein synthesis
Mitochondria produces atp for energy for protein synthesis
Golgi modifies and packages proteins
Vesicles transport by exocytosis at cell membrane
