Cells Flashcards
All living things are made of cells and can either be eukaryotic or prokaryotic. What is the difference?
Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler. Single celled organisms are included in this, like bacteria
What are the different parts of a cell called?
Organelles/Subcellular structures
Name all the organelles in a plant and animal cell, but identify which are not present in an animal cell.
Both:
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
ONLY PLANT
Rigid cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains genetic material that control the activities of the cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions occur and contains enzymes that control these reactions
What is the difference between the cell wall and cell membrane?
The cell wall supports the cell and strengthens it, while the cell membrane holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Where most of the reactions for respiration occur and respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work
What is the function of ribosomes?
Involved in the translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins
What is the function of the large vacuole
Contains cell sap and maintains the internal pressure to support the cell
What is the function of chloroplasts?
They contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, where photosynthesis occurs
Name all the subcellular structures in a bacteria cell
Chromosomal DNA
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Plasmid DNA
Flagellum
What subcellular structure does an animal and plant have that a bacterial cell doesn’t?
Nucleus
What are chromosomal DNA?
One long circular chromosome that controls the cells’ activities and helps in replication
What are Plasmid DNA?
Small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosomes. Contains things like drugs resistance and can be passed between bacteria
What is the Flagellum?
A long structure that rotates to help the bacteria move from harmful substances and towards beneficial things.
