Cells Flashcards
cells
cells are the smallest units from which all organisms are made
electron micrograph
an image made using an electron microscope
cell membrane
a very thin layer surrounding the cytoplasm of every cell; it controls what enters and leaves the cell
partially membrane
allows some molecules and ions to pass through but not others
cell wall
a tough layer outside the cell membrane only found in cells of plants fungi and bacteria not animal cells
fully permeable
allows all molecule and ions to pass through it
cytoplasm
the jelly like material that fills a cell
metabolic reactions
chemical reactions that take place in living organism
vacuole
a fluid filled space inside a cell separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane
cell sap
the fluid that fills the large vacuoles in the plant cells
vesicle
a very small vacuole
nucleus
a structure containing DNA in the form of chromosomes
chromosomes
a length of DNA found in a nucleus it contains genetic information in the form of many different genes
DNA
a molecule that contains genetic information in the form of genes that controls the proteins that are made in the cell
chloroplasts
small structures found inside some plant cells inside which photosynthesis takes place
starch grains
tiny pieces of starch, made of thousands of starch molecules that are stored in some plants
mitochondria
a small structure in a cell where aerobic respiration releases energy from glucose
aerobic respiration
chemical reactions that take place in the mitochondria
ribosomes
very small structures in a cell that use information on DNA to make Proteins molecules
bacteria
unicellular organisms whose cells do not contain a nucleus
prokaryotic cells
cells with no nucleus; bacteria have prokaryotic cells
plasmids
small, circular molecules of DNA
found in many Prokaryotic cells in addition to the main much larger circle of DNA
tissue
a group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular functions
organ
a group of tissues that work together to perform a particular function
organ system
several organs that work together to perform a particular function
magnification
how many times larger an image is than the actual object
