Cells Flashcards
What does the nucleus do
It controls the cell’s activity
What does the mitochondria do?
Contains enzymes needed for aerobic respiration which releases energy. It turns glucose and oxygen into energy
What does the cytoplasm do
It fills the cell and where the chemical reaction takes place. It is controlled by enzymes
What does the cell membrane do
It controls what goes in and out of the cell
What does the cell wall do
Provides support and strength. It is also made of cellulose
What do the chloroplasts do
They contain a green pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs sunlight to provide energy to the cell and carry out photosynthesis
What is the permanent vacuole
It is filled with cell sap to keep the cell rigid to support the plant
What are plasmids
They are small rings of DNA that code for specific features such as antibiotic resistance
What is circular DNA
The DNA of bacteria found in the cytoplasm
What is a cell
The smallest unit of a living organism
What is a tissue
They are a group of the same cells
What is an organ
A group of different tissue to carry out a job
What is an organ system
A group of different organs to perform a particular function
What is a musculoskeletal system
Muscles and bones working together to support the movement of the body
Name 3 specialised cells and how they are specialised
A sperm cell has a flagellum to move through liquids.
An egg cell has cytoplasm full of nutrients to support the baby once it is fertilised
A white blood cell multiplies when somebody is sick
What instrument can you use to see cells
A microscope
Name all parts of a microscope
Barrel, eye piece lense, arm, objective lense, clips, stage, course focusing wheel, fine focusing wheel, light and base
Name the different life processes
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition
Is yeast living or non living and why
It is living because it respired by making carbon dioxide
What is cell sap made of
A weak solution of salt and sugar
What do the ribosomes do
The ribosomes make protein
Name the differences and similarities between a plant and animal cell
Differences - plant cells have a boxy shape but animal cell shape varies. Plant cells have a vacuole, cell wall and chloroplasts
Similarities- they both have a nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, ribosomes and cell membrane
Name 1 unicellular organisms and a fact about them
Amoeba- animal cell and can change shape
Bacteria- has coiled DNA and an example of it is Vibrio Cholerae and they don’t have a nucleus
Euglena- has an eyespot to detect light and has chloroplasts for food production
Fungi- they move by making tiny spores that are carried by wind and rain and keep food in the food storage granule
What is diffusion
The spreading of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
What can you do to speed up the process of diffusion
Heat it up so there is more energy
What diffuses in and out of most animal cells
Oxygen would come in and carbon dioxide would come out
What is osmosis
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration. It is diffusion in water
What can slow down diffusion
If the particles are bigger than
Does the greater the difference of concentration affect anything
The greeter the difference of concentration the greater the rate of diffusion. This difference is called the concentration gradient
How do you find out the total magnification in a microscope
eyepiece lense x objective lense
What is a xylem cell
They transport water and minerals through out plants
