Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nucleus do

A

It controls the cell’s activity

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2
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

Contains enzymes needed for aerobic respiration which releases energy. It turns glucose and oxygen into energy

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3
Q

What does the cytoplasm do

A

It fills the cell and where the chemical reaction takes place. It is controlled by enzymes

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4
Q

What does the cell membrane do

A

It controls what goes in and out of the cell

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5
Q

What does the cell wall do

A

Provides support and strength. It is also made of cellulose

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6
Q

What do the chloroplasts do

A

They contain a green pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs sunlight to provide energy to the cell and carry out photosynthesis

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7
Q

What is the permanent vacuole

A

It is filled with cell sap to keep the cell rigid to support the plant

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8
Q

What are plasmids

A

They are small rings of DNA that code for specific features such as antibiotic resistance

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9
Q

What is circular DNA

A

The DNA of bacteria found in the cytoplasm

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10
Q

What is a cell

A

The smallest unit of a living organism

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11
Q

What is a tissue

A

They are a group of the same cells

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12
Q

What is an organ

A

A group of different tissue to carry out a job

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13
Q

What is an organ system

A

A group of different organs to perform a particular function

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14
Q

What is a musculoskeletal system

A

Muscles and bones working together to support the movement of the body

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15
Q

Name 3 specialised cells and how they are specialised

A

A sperm cell has a flagellum to move through liquids.
An egg cell has cytoplasm full of nutrients to support the baby once it is fertilised
A white blood cell multiplies when somebody is sick

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16
Q

What instrument can you use to see cells

A

A microscope

17
Q

Name all parts of a microscope

A

Barrel, eye piece lense, arm, objective lense, clips, stage, course focusing wheel, fine focusing wheel, light and base

18
Q

Name the different life processes

A

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition

19
Q

Is yeast living or non living and why

A

It is living because it respired by making carbon dioxide

20
Q

What is cell sap made of

A

A weak solution of salt and sugar

21
Q

What do the ribosomes do

A

The ribosomes make protein

22
Q

Name the differences and similarities between a plant and animal cell

A

Differences - plant cells have a boxy shape but animal cell shape varies. Plant cells have a vacuole, cell wall and chloroplasts

Similarities- they both have a nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, ribosomes and cell membrane

23
Q

Name 1 unicellular organisms and a fact about them

A

Amoeba- animal cell and can change shape

Bacteria- has coiled DNA and an example of it is Vibrio Cholerae and they don’t have a nucleus

Euglena- has an eyespot to detect light and has chloroplasts for food production

Fungi- they move by making tiny spores that are carried by wind and rain and keep food in the food storage granule

24
Q

What is diffusion

A

The spreading of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

25
What can you do to speed up the process of diffusion
Heat it up so there is more energy
26
What diffuses in and out of most animal cells
Oxygen would come in and carbon dioxide would come out
27
What is osmosis
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration. It is diffusion in water
28
What can slow down diffusion
If the particles are big
29
Does the greater the difference of concentration affect anything
The greeter the difference of concentration the greater the rate of diffusion. This difference is called the concentration gradient
30
How do you find out the total magnification in a microscope
eyepiece lense x objective lense
31
What is a xylem cell
They transport water and minerals through out plants
32
What is a protein cell made of
Joined amino acids
33
What are enzymes made of
Proteins