cells

Question 1

what is a cell ?

Answer 1

building block of an organism

Question 2

what are the two types of cell?

Answer 2

eukaryotic
prokaryotic

Question 3

What is a eukaryotic cell ?

Answer 3

contains a nucleus

Question 4

What is a prokaryotic cell ?

Answer 4

cell does not contain a nucleus

Question 5

parts of an animal cell

Answer 5

cell membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosomes
nucleus

Question 6

parts of a plant cell

Answer 6

cell membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosomes
nucleus
chloroplasts
vacuole
cell wall

Question 7

function of nucleus

Answer 7

controls activities of cell , contains dna

Question 8

function of cytoplasm

Answer 8

contains special enzymes to allow chemical reactions to occur

Question 9

function of ribosomes

Answer 9

synthesise proteins

Question 10

function of mitochondria

Answer 10

site of cellular respiration

Question 11

function of cell membrane

Answer 11

allows substances to enter and leave the cell

Question 12

function of vacuole

Answer 12

contains cell sap that makes the plant cell turgid

Question 13

function of chloroplasts

Answer 13

contain green pigment called ‘chlorophyll’
this absorbs light for photosynthesis

Question 14

function of cell wall

Answer 14

provides the plant cell structure

Question 15

What type of cell is a bacterial cell?

Answer 15

prokaryotic

Question 16

What are the components of a bacterial cell?

Answer 16

chromosomal dna (no nucleus)
plasmids
cell membrane
ribosomes
flagellum

Question 17

function of plasmids

Answer 17

contain genes for the bacteria such as antibiotic resistance

Question 18

function of flagellum

Answer 18

allows bacteria to move or ‘swim’

Question 19

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 19

a cell that has certain adaptations to help it carry out its function

Question 20

examples of specialised cell

Answer 20

egg cell , sperm cell , ciliated epithelial cell

Question 21

adaptations of egg cell

Answer 21

• large cytoplasm makes space for developing embryo
• membrane closes after fertilisation to avoid polyspermy
• haploid nucleus (half the number of chromosomes in a normal cell)
• egg cell also carries female dna

Question 22

how many chromosomes are there in a haploid nucleus

Answer 22

23 chromosomes, in other body cells there are 46

Question 23

adaptations of sperm cell

Answer 23

-flagellum allows it to swim towards the egg cell
- mitochondria supplies it with energy
- acrosomes allow it to dig into the egg’s cell membrane
- haploid nucleus
- streamlined shape allows it to swim to the egg faster

Question 24

adaptations of ciliated epithelial cell

Answer 24

• line the surfaces of organs
• some of them have little hairs called cilia
• move substances in one direction along the surface of a tissue