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Grade 10 Bio > Cells: > Flashcards

Cells: Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Biology?

A

The study of life:
-how organisms interact
-it explore structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living things

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2
Q

“Life” Definition?

A

Anything that can biologically sustain itself

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3
Q

What are the 7 Characteristics of Life?

A

-are composed of cells
-require energy
-reproduce
-display heredity
-respond to stimuli in their environment
-evolve and adapt
-maintain homeostasis

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4
Q

What are the three Cell Theories?

A

-all living things are made up of cells
-cells are the smallest working units of all living things
-all cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division

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5
Q

What is a Cell?

A

Smallest unit of life that can perform life functions

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6
Q

Who used the microscope first to examine Cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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7
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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8
Q

Characteristics of Prokaryotes

A
  • do not have structures surrounded by membrane
  • do not have a nucleus
  • few internal structures
  • one celled organisms (bacteria)
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9
Q

Characteristics of Eukaryotes

A
  • more complex (larger)
  • have a nucleus
  • contain organelles surrounded by membranes
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10
Q

What organelle is surrounding the cell?

A

Cell Membrane

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11
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A
  • the outer membrane of the cells which controls movement of materials in and out of cell
    -occurs through semi-permeable material
    -made up of phospholipid bi-layer
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12
Q

What is the function of the nucleus in cells?

A

-directs cell activities
-separated from cytoplasm by nucleur membrane
-contains genetic material - DNA

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13
Q

What is the function of the Nucleur Membrane in cells?

A

-surrounds nucleus
-made up of two layers
-opening allow material to enter and leave nucleus

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14
Q

What is the function of the Chromosomes in the Cell?

A

-in nucleus
-made of DNA
-contain instructions for traits and characteristics

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15
Q

What is the function of the Nucleolus in cells?

A

-inside nucleus
-contains DNA to build proteins (which act as instructions for ea. cell/organelle)

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16
Q

What is the function of the Cytoplasm in cells?

A

-gel like material
-where chemical reactions take place
-storage for substances
-surrounded by cell membrane

17
Q

What is the function of the Endoplasmic reticulum in cells?

A

-transports materials around in cell (eg. proteins)
-many functions depending on what type of cell it is in
-Smooth ER = no ribosomes
-Rough ER = ribosomes are found on the surface

18
Q

What is the function of the Ribosomes in cells?

A

-each cell contains thousands
-makes proteins
-found on Rough ER and are floating throughout the cell

19
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria in cells?

A

-produces energy (through chemical reactions — cellular respiration = convert glucose into energy {CO2, H2O})
-controls level of water and other materials in the cell

20
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus in the cell?

A

-collect and process materials to be taken out of the cell
-make and secrete mucus (found in intestines)

21
Q

What is the function of the Lysosomes in the cell?

A

-digestive center for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
-transports undigested material to the cell membrane so it can be removed
-cell breaks down if lysosome explodes (apoptosis)

22
Q

What is the function of the Vesicles in the cell?

A

-small containers made of membrane
-used to transport and store substances in the cell

23
Q

What is the function of the centrioles in the cell?

A

-made up of microtubules
-help the cell when it comes time to divide
-they move to opposite ends of the cell (poles) and are what the spindle fibres attatch to during cell division

24
Q

What is the function of the Vacuoles in the cell?

A

-membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
-contains water solution
-helps cells maintain shape
-plant cells have one large
-animal cells have many small

25
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast in cells?

A

-usually found in plant cells
-contains green chlorophyll (absorption of light)
-where photosynthesis takes place (convert H2O and CO2 into glucose)

26
Q

What is the function of the Cell wall in cells?

A

-found in plant cells (and some bacteria)
-supports and protects the cell
-gives the cells their rigid structure
-made of porous cellulose (to allow gas exchange)

27
Q

What are Unicellular Organisms?

A

-single celled organisms

28
Q

Examples of Unicellular organisms…

A

-bacteria
-algae
-protozoa

29
Q

What are Multicellular Organisms?

A

-many celled organisms

30
Q

Examples of Multicellular organisms…

A

-in plant it is the sap
-in animals the blood and the lymph

Grade 10 Bio (7 decks)

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