Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

1
Q

What do Eukaryotes have that prokaryotes don’t?

A

Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles and a Nucleus.
They both carry DNA however.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

State the 3 domains and whether they’re eukaryotes or prokaryotes.

A

Bacteria (prokaryote)
Archea (Prokaryote)
Eukarya (Eukaryote)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is directional terminology?

A

used to describe the anatomical structures or parts in relation to each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State all of the directional terms

A

Cranial & Caudal
Ventral & Dorsal
Medial & Lateral
Caudal & Rostral
Proximal & Distal
Palmar & Plantar
Superficial & Deep
External & Internal

Dorsal Recumbency & ventral Recumbency
Left Lateral recumbency & Right lateral recumbency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are vertebrates?

A

species within the animal kingdom that have back bones
e.g. dog, cat, horse, human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are invertebrates?

A

species within the animal kingdom that do not have a back bone.
e.g. insects, ants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State the 8 classes of taxonomy in order.

A
  1. Kingdom
  2. phylum
  3. class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
  8. Common name
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State the 3 groups of systems that make up the basic plan of the body.

A

Skeletal systems - framework and transport
coorodinating systems - control mechanisms
Visceral systems - functioning systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define:
1. Cell Membrane
2. Cytosplasm
3. Nucleus

A
  1. covers the surface of the cell and is responsible for separating the cell from its environment and controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
  2. The fluid that fills the interior of the cell.
  3. The ‘information centre’ of the cell. It contains the chromosomes (bearers of DNA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define:
1. Mitochondria
2. Ribosomes
3. Golgi apparatus

A
  1. Responsible for cellular respiration and are the sight where energy is extracted from food substances and stored in a form the cell can use.
  2. Float free within the cell and are the sight for protein synthesis.
  3. Stack of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm. It’s function includes the modification of some of the proteins produced by the cell.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define:
1. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
2. Rough ER
3. smooth ER

A
  1. produce the proteins for the rest of the cell to function
  2. has numerous ribosomes attached to its surface. Rough ER transports the proteins that have been synthesised by ribosomes.
  3. does not have ribosomes on its surface; its functions include the synthesis and transport of lipids and steroids.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define:
1. Lyosomes
2. Centrosomes

A
  1. Function is to digest materials taken in by the cell during the process of phagocytosis or endocytosis.
  2. contains a pair of rod-like structures called centrioles, they are involved in cell division.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Somatic cell

A

All cells of the body except those involved in reproduction.
Somatic cells divide by mitosis and contain the diploid number of chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Germ Cells

A

These are within the Ova (within the ovaries) and the spermatozoa (within the testes).
germ cells are divided by meiosis and contain the haploid number of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mitosis

A

Through the process of mitosis, the tissues of the body grow and are able to repair themselves when damaged, in which somatic cells of the body make identical copies of themselves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

meiosis

A

process by whim the germ cells divide within the ovary or testes. meiosis results in the production of ova and sperm containing half of the normal number of chromosomes.

17
Q

Chemical compounds can be divided into two groups: organic and inorganic.
Organic compounds are those that contain the element ________.
Inorganic compounds do not contain _______.

A

Carbon

18
Q

Everything is composed of _______.

A

Atoms

19
Q

An _______ is a substance that is composed of only one type of atom.

A

element

20
Q

_______ consist of two or more atoms linked by a chemical bond.

A

Molecules

21
Q

A substance whose molecules contain more than one atom is called a ________.

A

compound

22
Q

when dissolved in water, the molecules of many substances break apart charged parties called _______. This charge may be positive or negative.

A

ions

23
Q

ions with one or more positive charges are called _______.

A

Cations

24
Q

ions with one or more negative charges are called ______.

A

anions

25
Q

What are the 4 principle cations?

A

Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium

26
Q

what are the 2 principle anions?

A

chloride and bicarbonate

27
Q

What is acid?

A

a compound that can release hydrogen ions when dissolved in solution.
The acidity of a solution is expressed in pH. This scale ranges from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral.

28
Q

carbohydrates

A

contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and are also known as sugars, sugars are an important source of energy.
The most common simple sugar in the body is glucose. simple sugars can join together to form more complex carbohydrates such as polysaccharides.

29
Q

lipids

A

include the fats, which are compounds of fatty acids and glycerol.

30
Q

proteins

A

built up of subunits called amino acids.
proteins usually fall into one of two groups:
1. Globular - the functional proteins
2. fibrous - tje structural proteins

31
Q

chemical reactions in the body

A

most chemical reactions in the body require the presence of functional protein called an enzyme

32
Q

enzymes

A

organic catalysts that speed up and control chemical reactions in the body.

33
Q

Anabolic and catabolic reactions

A

AN anabolic reaction is a chemical reaction that requires an input of energy.
A catabolic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy.

34
Q

In the body of an animal, energy comes from the oxidation of ______.

A

glucose

35
Q

How does cell division happen?

A

by meiosis and mitosis.

36
Q

Mitosis - the cell division in somatic cells happens in ____ stages.

A

6 stages.

37
Q

what are the 6 stages of mitosis in order?

A
  1. interphase
  2. prophase
  3. metaphase
  4. anaphase
  5. telophase
  6. daughter cells

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions