Cell Unit Review

Question 1

What are the 3 statements that make up The Cell Theory

Answer 1

1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of the structure and function in living things
3. All cells are produced from other cells

Question 2

What specialized cells share a division of labor and what types of organisms are they found in

Answer 2

There are many unicellular organisms in which the single cell performs all life functions.
Multicellular

Question 3

What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms and present an example of each.

Answer 3

Unicellular- An organism with only one cell
Example: Ameba
Multicellular- An organism with more than one cell
Example: Humans

Question 4

Name the 5 levels of organization in the human body and definitions of each of the levels

Answer 4

Cell- The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Tissue- A group of similar cells that work together that preform a specific function
Organ- A body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue that work together
Organ system- A group of organs that work together to perform a major function
Organism- An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

Question 5

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

Answer 5

Element- A part of aspect of something abstract, especially new that is essential or characteristic
Compound- A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements

Question 6

What are the functions of the 4 organic compounds found in cells?

Answer 6

The four organic compounds are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates give cells energy and are found in the cell walls of plants and in cell membranes. Lipids temporarily store energy and form the cell membrane. Proteins form and repair the cell structure and help the cell function. They also form part of the cell membrane. A type of proteins, enzymes, speed up chemical reactions. Nucleic acids contain the instruction that cells need to carry out all the functions of life.

Question 7

What are the differences between an organic and inorganic compound?

Answer 7

Organic- A gas, liquid or solid compound that contains molecules with carbon
Inorganic- Found in biological systems with molecules that don’t contain carbon

Question 8

What are the necessary inorganic compounds that cells need to survive?

Answer 8

Water

Not oxygen because some cells can die when in contacts with oxygen

Question 9

What is the 5 important reasons of water in cells?

Answer 9

Carrying substances in and out of cells
Changes the temperature slowly
Most chemicals in cells need to dissolve in water to activate
To help cells to keep their shape
To dissolve anything that needs to get in and out of the cell

Question 10

What are the differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 10

Plant cells have everything a animal cell has but lysosomes.
Animal cells have everything a plant cell has but chloroplast and a cell wall.
Animals cells have lysosomes

Question 11

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 11

A rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms

Question 12

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 12

A small grain-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm a cell that produces protein

Question 13

What is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 13

In cells, a large oval organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell’s activities using DNA

Question 14

What is the function of a mitochondria?

Answer 14

Rod-shaped organelles that convert energy into food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions
POWERHOUSE of the cell

Question 15

What are all the organelles that help move materials in a cell?

Answer 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum- moves proteins and other materials
Golgi Apparatus- Takes proteins from ER and takes them to other parts of the cell
Cell membrane- Allows things in and out

Question 16

What are the characteristics of living things?

Answer 16

Have more than one cell
Contains chemicals of life including DNA
Grow
Develop and reproduce
Respond to their surroundings/environment in a stimuli
Use energy

Question 17

What are the 4 needs of living things?

Answer 17

Food
Water
Living space
Stable internal conditions- Homeostasis

Question 18

What are the differences between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Answer 18

Autotrophs- Organisms that make their own food- uses chloroplast
Heterotrophs- Organisms that don’t make their own food

Question 19

What are the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Answer 19

Sexual- Involves two parents and combines their genetic material to produce a new organisms that differ from both parents
Asexual- Involves only one parent and produces offsprings that are identical to the parent

Question 20

What is the structure of DNA and RNA?

Answer 20

RNA has a ribose sugar instead of a deoxyribose sugar like DNA. RNA nucleotides have a uracil base instead of thymine. DNA is a double helix while RNA is a single helix.

Question 21

What are the functions of DNA and RNA?

Answer 21

DNA- stores an organism’s genetic material in the nuclei, replicates itself when dividing
and provides code or instructions for the particular sequencing of amino acids that bond together and make different proteins
RNA- mRNA carries DNA’s message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 22

How are the nitrogen bases paired up in a DNA molecule?

Answer 22

Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T)

Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C)

Question 23

What is the function of a gene?

Answer 23

To control the production of the proteins in the organisms’ cell.

Question 24

What are the 3 steps in DNA replication?

Answer 24

The double helix “unwinds”
nucleotides must be added in the correct order to create a complentary strand
new strand must be sealed up

Question 25

How is the genetic information organized in cells with a nucleus and how is a cell, the nucleus, chromosomes, genes, & DNA all related?

Answer 25

Genetic information in cells are organized
All cells have a nucleus, inside the nucleus is the chromosome, the chromosome is wrapped in a lot of DNA, which is a really just a bunch of genes.
Cells