Cell Unit Review Flashcards
What are the 3 statements that make up The Cell Theory
- All living things are composed of cells
- Cells are the basic units of the structure and function in living things
- All cells are produced from other cells
What specialized cells share a division of labor and what types of organisms are they found in
There are many unicellular organisms in which the single cell performs all life functions.
Multicellular
What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms and present an example of each.
Unicellular- An organism with only one cell
Example: Ameba
Multicellular- An organism with more than one cell
Example: Humans
Name the 5 levels of organization in the human body and definitions of each of the levels
Cell- The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Tissue- A group of similar cells that work together that preform a specific function
Organ- A body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue that work together
Organ system- A group of organs that work together to perform a major function
Organism- An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
Element- A part of aspect of something abstract, especially new that is essential or characteristic
Compound- A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements
What are the functions of the 4 organic compounds found in cells?
The four organic compounds are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates give cells energy and are found in the cell walls of plants and in cell membranes. Lipids temporarily store energy and form the cell membrane. Proteins form and repair the cell structure and help the cell function. They also form part of the cell membrane. A type of proteins, enzymes, speed up chemical reactions. Nucleic acids contain the instruction that cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
What are the differences between an organic and inorganic compound?
Organic- A gas, liquid or solid compound that contains molecules with carbon
Inorganic- Found in biological systems with molecules that don’t contain carbon
What are the necessary inorganic compounds that cells need to survive?
Water
Not oxygen because some cells can die when in contacts with oxygen
What is the 5 important reasons of water in cells?
Carrying substances in and out of cells
Changes the temperature slowly
Most chemicals in cells need to dissolve in water to activate
To help cells to keep their shape
To dissolve anything that needs to get in and out of the cell
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have everything a animal cell has but lysosomes.
Animal cells have everything a plant cell has but chloroplast and a cell wall.
Animals cells have lysosomes
What is the function of a cell wall?
A rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms
What is the function of a ribosome?
A small grain-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm a cell that produces protein
What is the function of a nucleus?
In cells, a large oval organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell’s activities using DNA
What is the function of a mitochondria?
Rod-shaped organelles that convert energy into food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions
POWERHOUSE of the cell
What are all the organelles that help move materials in a cell?
Endoplasmic Reticulum- moves proteins and other materials
Golgi Apparatus- Takes proteins from ER and takes them to other parts of the cell
Cell membrane- Allows things in and out
What are the characteristics of living things?
Have more than one cell Contains chemicals of life including DNA Grow Develop and reproduce Respond to their surroundings/environment in a stimuli Use energy
What are the 4 needs of living things?
Food
Water
Living space
Stable internal conditions- Homeostasis
What are the differences between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs- Organisms that make their own food- uses chloroplast
Heterotrophs- Organisms that don’t make their own food
What are the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual- Involves two parents and combines their genetic material to produce a new organisms that differ from both parents
Asexual- Involves only one parent and produces offsprings that are identical to the parent
What is the structure of DNA and RNA?
RNA has a ribose sugar instead of a deoxyribose sugar like DNA. RNA nucleotides have a uracil base instead of thymine. DNA is a double helix while RNA is a single helix.
What are the functions of DNA and RNA?
DNA- stores an organism’s genetic material in the nuclei, replicates itself when dividing
and provides code or instructions for the particular sequencing of amino acids that bond together and make different proteins
RNA- mRNA carries DNA’s message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
How are the nitrogen bases paired up in a DNA molecule?
Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T)
Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C)
What is the function of a gene?
To control the production of the proteins in the organisms’ cell.
What are the 3 steps in DNA replication?
The double helix “unwinds”
nucleotides must be added in the correct order to create a complentary strand
new strand must be sealed up
How is the genetic information organized in cells with a nucleus and how is a cell, the nucleus, chromosomes, genes, & DNA all related?
Genetic information in cells are organized
All cells have a nucleus, inside the nucleus is the chromosome, the chromosome is wrapped in a lot of DNA, which is a really just a bunch of genes.
Cells
