Cell Ultrastructure function Flashcards
What is the function of the Nucleus
Contains DNA which directs the synthesis of all proteins by the cells,
What is the structure/function of the nuclear envelope?
It has a double membrane for protection
It has nuclear pores so that molecules can move in and out
it contains DNA
What is the function of the nucleolus?
An area within the nucleus responsible for producing ribosomes (made up of proteins and RNA)
What is the structure/function of the mitochondria?
Site of cellular respiration,
They have a double membrane
The inner membrane is highly folded to form cristae
The fluid interior is known as the matrix
What are vesicles?
Membranous sacs that have storage/transport roles
What are lysosomes?
Specialised vesicle that contains hydrochloric enzymes
It breaks down waste material including old organelles
Has importance in the immune system as they break down pathogens engulfed by phagocytosis.
What is the structure/function of centrioles?
Composed of microtubules
Involved in the assembly and organisation of spindle fibres
What is the structure of the Endoplasmic reticulum? (ER)
Network of membranes surrounding the outer membrane of the nucleus.
What is the structure and function of the Smooth ER?
Lipid and Carbohydrate synthesis & Storage
What is the function of the rough ER?
This has ribosomes on the surface
Synthesis and transport of proteins
What is the function of ribosomes?
Constructed of RNA molecules made in the nucleolus
Site of protein synthesis
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Modifies proteins and packages them into vesicles
What is the structure/function of the cell wall
Made of cellulose (complex carb)
It gives plant cell its shape
Makes it rigid
Supports the cell and plant as a whole
Also acts as a defence mechanism from pathogens
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
What is the function of the flagella?
They enable cell mobility
In some cells used as sensory organelles to detect change in the environment
