Cell Types and Tissues Flashcards
What is the role of the vacuole?
Waste storage facility, pigment storage
How is turgidity determined?
By the amount of water held in the vacuole
What are the 3 types of plastids discussed?
Chloroplast, chromoplast, and leucoplast
What comprises the cell wall?
Pectin, cellulose microfibril, hemicellulose, and soluble protein
Which cells are known as “embryonic cells”? Why?
Meristematic, they are responsible for cell division and formation
What are the differences between the 3 permanent cell types and what they are generally used for?
Parenchyma - thin wall, divide and differentiate
Collenchyma - thicker wall, often have chloroplasts
Sclerenchyma - thick & lignified walls, dead at maturity, fiber and sclereid forms
What are the three permanent cell types generally used for?
Parenchyma - photosynthesis, storage, secretion
Collenchyma - structural support
Sclerenchyma - mechanic support
What components make up the epidermis and what do they do?
Trichomes - pest deter, temp reg, compound/oil
Stomata - gas exchange
Guard cells- open/close stomata
Subsidiary cells - present but only assist guard cells
Cuticle - keep water out/in
How do guard cells work?
Open when turgid, close when flaccid
What cells comprise the mesophyll?
Palisade parenchyma
Elongated collenchyma
Spongy parenchyma
What is the mesophyll?
Combination of cells creating lead tissue
Majority of photosynthesis
Which of the two vascular tissues are dead when functioning?
Xylem
What are the general shapes for xylem?
Tracheids - long, thin, tapered, overlap, pits to transfer water
Vessel elements - shorter, wider, perforated for continuous water transport
What are the general shapes for phloem?
Sieve tube - long & cylindrical connected tubes for sugar and nutrient transport
Companion - smaller, maintain and assist function of sieve
Components of xylem?
Tracheids, vessel elements, xylem parenchyma, xylem fibers
