Cell Transport Flashcards
Polarity
Partial charges are created by the unequal sharing of electrons
Lipids are…
Non-Polar
Amphipathic
Having both a polar region and a nonpolar region
What are Channel Proteins?
Channel proteins are proteins that act as gates that allow polar molecules to pass through.
The Shape of Channel Proteins
Donut-Shaped
What are Marker Proteins?
Marker proteins are proteins in the cell membrane that identify the cell.
The Shape of Marker Proteins
Elongated and Twisted
What are receptor proteins?
Receptor proteins are proteins that transmit information in and out of cells.
Communication between cells.
The Shape of Receptor Proteins
Boulder-Shaped
Integral Proteins
Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Carrier Transport
Movement of materials through a cell membrane with the aid of protiens
Facilitated Diffusion
The transport of substances through a cell membrane with the aid of channel proteins.
Transport through with aid
Endocytosis
A process by which a cell takes material into the cell by folding in the cell membrane to create a vesicle
Vagina
Exocytosis
The release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane
Passive Transport
The movement of molecules that does not require energy, from high [] to low []
What Determines the Passage of Molecules through the Lipid Bilayer
Shape, size, and charge of molecules
What is the Cell Membrane?
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell, made of phospholipids.
Hypertonic Solutions
Contain a higher % of solute (sugar/salt) than an environment separated by a membrane
Hypotonic Solutions
Contain a lower % solute than an environment separated by a membrane
Cytolysis
the bursting of a cell due to high osmotic pressure
Osmotic Pressure
Pressure of water pushing on the cell membrane
Plasmolysis
Wilting or shrinking of cells due to low osmotic pressure (only in plants)
Cells will ____________________ when placed in a hypertonic salt solution
Shrink
Cells will _____________________ when placed in a hypotonic solution
Swell
Red blood cells will __________________ if placed in a hypotonic solution
Burst
Polar is attracted to…
Polar
What is active transport?
The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy, from low [] to high []
Isotonic Solutions
Solutions that contain an equal concentration of solute and solvent
Equilibrium
Equal movement of molecules through a membrane, balance of dissolved solute in solution inside and outside of cells.
Solute
Substance that is dissolved in a solution
Solvent
A substance in which the solute dissolves
Solution
A mixture that is formed when one substance dissolves another
Vesicles
Small sacs that move products in, out, and within a cell
Two types of endocytosis
Phagocytosis and pinocytosis (Phag and Pino)
Concentration Gradient
A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
Tornado drawing
Dark means more concentration light means less concentration
What molecules can pass through a membrane by diffusion?
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water.
What molecules cannot pass through a membrane by diffusion?
Salt, potassium, and glucose
What are phospholipids composed of?
A phosphate group, a glycerol, and fatty acids
Fluid Mosaic Model
The structure of the plasma membrane is a mosaic of components including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Inside and outside of cells are…
Mostly a watery environment
