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Biology > Cell Theory & Structure > Flashcards

Cell Theory & Structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

State the six ideas of Cell Theory

A

Living organisms are made up of cells.
Cells are the basic structural unit of all organisms.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Energy flow occurs within cells.
DNA is passed on from cell to cell.
All cells have the same basic cell composition.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of ‘living things’?

A

Movement - all move in some way
Respiration - the ability to release energy from food
Sensitivity - detects changes in surrounding environment
Growth - all things grow
Reproduction - Can reproduce and pass genetic info onto offspring
Excretion - Can get rid of waste
Nutrition - intake of nutrients

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the nucleus?

A

Contains the organism’s genome

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4
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleus

A

Enclosed in a double membrane and communicates w/ cytosol via nuclear pores

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the nucleolus?

A

Produces ribosomes, which are critical in protein synthesis

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6
Q

What are the mitochondria?

A

Membrane-bound organelles that have a double membrane

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the mitochondria?

A

Provides the energy a cell needs to move, divide, and contract. (Powerhouse of the cell)

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8
Q

What are the names of the folds of the mitochondria?

A

Cristae

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9
Q

What is the Golgi body?

A

A stack of membrane-bound vesicles and has a single membrane.

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10
Q

What is the role of the Golgi Body?

A

Packages macromolecules in vesicles.

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11
Q

What is the Smooth ER?

A

A network of membrane-bound vesicles and tubules.

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12
Q

What is the function of the Smooth ER?

A

Lipid and steroid hormone synthesis
Breakdown of lipid-soluble toxins in liver cells
Control of calcium release in muscle cell contraction

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13
Q

What is dotted on the Rough ER and what is their purpose?

A

Ribosomes, synthesise proteins which are then transported throughout the cell

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14
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

Type of vesicle

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15
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

Little packages that contain enzymes for intracellular digestion (common in animal cells)

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16
Q

What are vacuoles (animal cells)?

A

A membrane bound-sac that helps to store food or nutrients, sometimes waste products to prevent contamination.

17
Q

What are vacuoles (plant cells)?

A

Stores nutrients and waste products
Helps increase cell size during growth
Acts like the lysosome of animal cells
Regulates turgor pressure

18
Q

Why is turgor pressure important?

A

It produces rigidity in the plant. Without sufficient water, pressure drops and the plant wilts.

19
Q

How do we describe the layers of the cell membrane?

A

Lipid bilayer, composed of phospholipids

20
Q

How do we describe the nature of the exposed heads?

A

Hydrophilic=water loving, compatible with water inside cytosol and outside of cell

21
Q

How do we describe the nature of the tails?

A

Hydrophobic=water fearing, allows the cell membrane to act as a protective barrier to uncontrolled water flow

22
Q

What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton?

A

Cell motility, helps maintain shape of cell and internal movement of organelles

23
Q

What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton?

A

Cell motility, helps maintain shape of cell and internal movement of organelles

24
Q

What are the three filaments of the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate fibres

25
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol plus organelles

26
Q

What is cytosol?

A

Fluid where cell metabolism occurs, full of proteins

27
Q

What cells have a cell wall?

A

Plants

28
Q

What is the role of the cell wall?

A

Provides and maintains shape as well as a protective barrier

29
Q

What cells are chloroplasts found in?

A

Plants

30
Q

What is the role of chloroplasts?

A

Contain chlorophyll (responsible for green colour and to absorb energy from sunlight)

31
Q

What process occurs in chloroplasts?

A

Photosynthesis

Biology (12 decks)

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