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Biology > Cell Requirements & Metabolism > Flashcards

Cell Requirements & Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

What energy do all cells use?

A

Chemical energy

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2
Q

Where is chemical energy stored?

A

In the bonds between each atoms of every molecules.

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3
Q

What is a major energy source stored in a sugar molecule?

A

Glucose

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4
Q

Why do cells require energy?

A

Synthesis
Movement
Maintaining a stable environment

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5
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

Producer in food chain, manfacturers their own food via photosynthesis or chemosysnthesis

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6
Q

What autotrophs use light energy?

A

Photoautotrophs

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7
Q

What autotrophs use chemical energy?

A

Chemoautotrophs

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8
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

Consumer in food chain, cannot produce own food. Must feed on other organism or organic matter

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9
Q

What does photosynthesis do?

A

Converts light energy to chemical energy (stores in bonds of sugar)

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10
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

Chloroplasts (using chlorophyll)

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11
Q

What factors influence rate of photosynthesis?

A

Temp
Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration

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12
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

6H20+6CO2=C6H12O6+6O2

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13
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen + Water

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14
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process where glucose molecules are broken down and energy is released from bonds

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15
Q

Why do we need energy?

A

Movement of substances
Reproduction
Synthesizing organic molecules from simple ones
Uptaking materials

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16
Q

What else does cellular respiration create?

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

17
Q

What is ATP?

A

Small nucleotide used in all chemical reactions and processes (energy currency)

18
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Breakdown of glucose in presence of OXYGEN, releases a large amount of energy

19
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria

20
Q

What are the equations for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water+energy
C6H12O6+6O2=6CO2+6H2O (and 32 to 36 ATP)

21
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Breakdown of glucose when oxygen is not present, not as effective

22
Q

What are the products from anaerobic respiration in yeast and animals, respectively?

A

Yeast=ethanol and carbon dioxide
Animals=lactic acid
(only 2 ATP are formed)

23
Q

What is ADP?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

24
Q

What is the synthesis of ATP?

A

ADP +Pi=ATP + H2O

25
Q

How is energy released from ATP?

A

When third phosphate group is removed by hydrolysis. ATP can also be reformed

26
Q

What is the process for fermentation?

A

glucose=ethanol + carbon dioxide

27
Q

What is the process for lactic acid?

A

glucose=lactic acid

28
Q

What is an example of removing waste?

A

Creation of urine via filtration in kidneys

Biology (12 decks)

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