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Biology > Cell Membrane > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

To protect the interior of the cell by being semipermeable and to recognise other cells using sensors in outer layer.

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2
Q

What is the cell membrane made up of?

A

Phospholipids and proteins

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3
Q

What are the key parts of phospholipids?

A

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

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4
Q

What are the chemical parts of a phospholipid?

A

Fatty acid tail and phosphate head

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5
Q

What is a bilayer?

A

Two layers of phospholipids, tails face inwards and heads face outwards, towards water-based fluid

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6
Q

What is a structural protein?

A

Give cell support and shape

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7
Q

What is a receptor protein?

A

Helps cells communicate with external environment

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8
Q

What are transport proteins?

A

Transport molecules across cell membranes (such as globular proteins)

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9
Q

What are glycoproteins?

A

Have a carbohydrate chain attached, help with cell communications and molecules transport across membrane

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10
Q

Practice naming the proteins of cell membrane on diagram

A

On back of sheet

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11
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

Proteins are embedded in bilayer, making it look like a mosaic. The plasma membrane allows these proteins to move across, like fluid.

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12
Q

What does selectively permeable mean?

A

Some substances can move into the cell easily, some cannot. It allows the cell to be protected from its surroundings.

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13
Q

What is the concentration gradient?

A

Process of particles moving through are solution from an area of higher no of particles to area with low no of particles. Aims to reach an equilibrium.

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14
Q

What is up the concentration gradient?

A

Going to an area with higher number of particles

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15
Q

What is down the concentration gradient?

A

Going to an area with a lower number of particles

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16
Q

What occurs with movement in and out of the cell?

A

Cell needs constant supply of oxygen and glucose, urea and carbon dioxide are removed. Levels of these substance must be maintained.

17
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Movement of substances across the cell membrane down the concentration gradient (does NOT require ATP)

18
Q

What are some types of passive transport?

A

Diffusion (gases)
Facilitated diffusion (via transport protein)
Osmosis (water molecules)

19
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

Where molecules move freely across membrane with no assistance (small or non polar molecules)

20
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Driven by random movements of molecules in solution. If concentration is greater outside than inside, more molecules will randomly enter the cell to have balance

21
Q

What is facilitated difussion?

A

Form of passive transport, transport protein helps the molecule (big or not lipid soluble) in or out of cell

22
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water across a membrane to balance concentration on either side (water moves from high water concentration to area of low concentration)

23
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

Water moves out cell (high solute in solution)

24
Q

What is isotonic?

A

Into and out of cell (equal amounts of solute)

25
Q

What is hypotonic?

A

Into the cell (lower solute in solution)

26
Q

What is active transport?

A

Energy-requiring process for moving material across a cell membrane

27
Q

When do we use active transport?

A

When particle is going from low to high concentration
When particles need help entering membrane are they are impermeable
When large particles enter the cell

28
Q

What is an antiport?

A

Pumps molecules in both directions

29
Q

What is a synport?

A

Pumps molecules in one direction?

30
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Active transport for into the cell

31
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Active transport for out of the cell

32
Q

What are two types of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis (food-bacteria)
Pinocytosis (liquid-fat droplets)

33
Q

Who organises exocytosis and endocystosis?

A

Golgi body or ER

Biology (12 decks)

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