Cell Theory

Question 1

The historic scientifictheory that living organisms are made up ofcells, that they are the basic structural unit of all organisms and that allcellscome from pre-existingcells.

Answer 1

Cell theory

Question 2

A narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them.

Answer 2

Plasmodesmata

Question 3

The action of magnifying something or the process of being magnified.

Answer 3

Magnification

Question 4

A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.

Answer 4

Cell wall

Question 5

The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

Answer 6

Cell membrane

Question 7

A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

A polysaccharide (C6H10O5)x of glucose units that constitutes the chief part of the cell walls of plants, occurs naturally in such fibrous products as cotton and kapok, and is the raw material of many manufactured goods (such as paper, rayon, and cellophane).

Answer 8

Cellulose

Question 9

Each of a pair of minute cylindrical organelles near the nucleus in animal cells, involved in the development of spindle fibres in cell division.

Answer 9

Centriole

Question 10

A plastid in green plant cells which contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.

Answer 10

Chloroplast

Question 11

A green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, which is responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis.

Answer 11

Chlorophyll

Question 12

Thematerialthat makes up a chromosome that consists of DNA and protein. The major proteins inthis are proteins called histones. They act as packaging elements for the DNA.

Answer 12

Chromatin material

Question 13

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Answer 13

Chromosomes

Question 14

The relative amount of a particular substance contained within a solution or mixture or in a particular volume of space.

Answer 14

Concentration

Question 15

Each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane.

Answer 15

Crista

Question 16

The intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles.

Answer 16

Diffusion

Question 17

A self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Answer 17

DNA

Question 18

A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Answer 18

ER

Question 19

The movement of the water inside the cells when the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. This movement of water causes the cell to swell.

Answer 19

Endosmosis

Question 20

A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.

Answer 20

Golgi Apparatus

Question 21

The movement of water outside the cells when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. The cell becomes flaccid by the movement of water outside.

Answer 21

Exosmosis

Question 22

Tending to repel or fail to mix with water.

Answer 22

Hydrophobic

Question 23

Having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.

Answer 23

Hydrophilic

Question 24

Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.

Answer 24

Hypertonic

Question 25

Having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.

Answer 25

Hypotonic

Question 26

Denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, especially one in a cell or a body fluid.

Answer 26

Isotonic

Question 27

Undergo or cause to undergo lysis.

Answer 27

Lysed

Question 28

The substance between cells or in which structures are embedded.

Answer 28

Matrix

Question 29

An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner part being folded inwards to form layers (cristae).

Answer 29

Mitochondrion/a

Question 30

A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.

Answer 30

Nucleolus

Question 31

The substance of a cell nucleus, especially that not forming part of a nucleolus.

Answer 31

Nucleoplasm

Question 32

A layer which cements the primary cell walls of two adjoining plant cells together. It is the first formed layer which is deposited at the time of cytokinesis. The cell plate that is formed during cell division itself develops into it.

Answer 32

Middle Lamella

Question 33

A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule, e.g. phosphatidylcholine.

Answer 33

Phospholipid

Question 34

A double membrane that encloses the cell nucleus. It serves to separate the chromosomes from the rest of the cell. It includes an array of small holes or pores that permit the passage of certain materials, such as nucleic acids and proteins, between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Answer 34

Nuclear membrane

Question 35

Any of a class of small organelles in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food.

Answer 35

Plastid

Question 36

A process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

Answer 36

Respiration

Question 37

A part of a large complex of proteins, known as a nuclear pore complex that spans the nuclear envelope, which is the double membrane surrounding the eukaryotic cell nucleus. 

Answer 37

Nucleopore

Question 38

The supportive tissue of an epithelial organ, tumour, gonad, etc., consisting of connective tissues and blood vessels.

Answer 38

Stroma

Question 39

Each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana.

Answer 39

Thylakoid

Question 40

A membrane which bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell.

Answer 40

Tonoplast

Question 41

Swollen and distended or congested.

Answer 41

Turgid

Question 42

A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.

Answer 42

Vacuole