Cell Theory Flashcards
The historic scientifictheory that living organisms are made up ofcells, that they are the basic structural unit of all organisms and that allcellscome from pre-existingcells.
Cell theory
A narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them.
Plasmodesmata
The action of magnifying something or the process of being magnified.
Magnification
A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.
Cell wall
The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
Cell membrane
A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
Nucleus
A polysaccharide (C6H10O5)x of glucose units that constitutes the chief part of the cell walls of plants, occurs naturally in such fibrous products as cotton and kapok, and is the raw material of many manufactured goods (such as paper, rayon, and cellophane).
Cellulose
Each of a pair of minute cylindrical organelles near the nucleus in animal cells, involved in the development of spindle fibres in cell division.
Centriole
A plastid in green plant cells which contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
Chloroplast
A green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, which is responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll
Thematerialthat makes up a chromosome that consists of DNA and protein. The major proteins inthis are proteins called histones. They act as packaging elements for the DNA.
Chromatin material
A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Chromosomes
The relative amount of a particular substance contained within a solution or mixture or in a particular volume of space.
Concentration
Each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane.
Crista
The intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles.
Diffusion
A self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
DNA
A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
ER
The movement of the water inside the cells when the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. This movement of water causes the cell to swell.
Endosmosis
A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
Golgi Apparatus
The movement of water outside the cells when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. The cell becomes flaccid by the movement of water outside.
Exosmosis
Tending to repel or fail to mix with water.
Hydrophobic
Having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.
Hydrophilic
Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.
Hypertonic
Having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.
Hypotonic
Denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, especially one in a cell or a body fluid.
Isotonic
Undergo or cause to undergo lysis.
Lysed
The substance between cells or in which structures are embedded.
Matrix
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner part being folded inwards to form layers (cristae).
Mitochondrion/a
A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.
Nucleolus
The substance of a cell nucleus, especially that not forming part of a nucleolus.
Nucleoplasm
A layer which cements the primary cell walls of two adjoining plant cells together. It is the first formed layer which is deposited at the time of cytokinesis. The cell plate that is formed during cell division itself develops intoit.
Middle Lamella
A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule, e.g. phosphatidylcholine.
Phospholipid
A doublemembranethat encloses the cell nucleus. It serves to separate the chromosomes from the rest of the cell. Itincludes an array of small holes or pores that permit the passage of certain materials, such as nucleic acids and proteins, between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Nuclear membrane
Any of a class of small organelles in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food.
Plastid
A process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.
Respiration
A part of a large complex of proteins, known as a nuclear pore complex that spans the nuclear envelope, which is the double membrane surrounding the eukaryotic cell nucleus.
Nucleopore
The supportive tissue of an epithelial organ, tumour, gonad, etc., consisting of connective tissues and blood vessels.
Stroma
Each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana.
Thylakoid
A membrane which bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell.
Tonoplast
Swollen and distended or congested.
Turgid
A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
Vacuole
