Cell Terms

Question 1

a form of cell division and duplication that is unique to reproductive (gamete) cells
(such as sperm and ova)

Answer 1

meiosis

Question 2

A layer of the embryonic stem cell that develops into the internal organs

Answer 2

Endoderm

Question 3

a passive transport mechanism where molecules move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

Answer 3

diffusion

Question 4

A pathway for substances to move throughout the cell

Answer 4

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

A simple sugar the body creates when it has more glucose than it can immediately use, it bonds and chemically alters the extra molecule to form it. It is then stored in the skeletal muscles and liver.

Answer 5

Glycogen

Question 6

A unique type of cell that not only reproduces but also produces different types of cells

Answer 6

Stem cells

Question 7

allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane

Answer 7

channel protein

Question 8

An import role in cell division and in producing and organizing the cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Centrosome

Question 9

any chemical process the body uses to break down nutrients or molecules.

Answer 9

catabolism

Question 10

binds to a ligand molecule and initiates a cellular response

Answer 10

receptor protein

Question 11

Cellular transport mechanism that does not require the use of energy

Answer 11

Passive Transport

Question 12

coded segments of DNA that determine traits inherited from parents and carry instructions for producing all the proteins needed to sustain life.

Answer 12

gene

Question 13

Destroy foreign substances that enter the cell and digest worn-out and used-up cell structures

Answer 13

Lysosome

Question 14

fluid component of cytoplasm

Answer 14

cytosol

Question 15

Fluid component of cytoplasm

Answer 15

Cytosol

Question 16

Hair like projection that increases absorption and surface area of the membrane.

Answer 16

Microvilli

Question 17

How LMT’s often refer to connective tissue fibers and ground substance as one element: the connective tissue matrix

Answer 17

Matrix

Question 18

Internal environment of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; includes the cytosol and organelles

Answer 18

Cytoplasm

Question 19

Lipid with attached carbohydrates

Answer 19

Cholesterol

Question 20

lipids with attached carbohydrates

Answer 20

glycolipid

Question 21

Mechanisms require the cell to use energy to move substances across the plasma membrane

Answer 21

Active transport

Question 22

Modifies and packages protiens for leaving the cell

Answer 22

Golgi apparatus

Question 23

Occurs when the body uses molecules as building blocks to repair and build new tissue, or to store nutrients for use at a later time.

Answer 23

Anabolism

Question 24

Outer covering of a cell also called plasma membrane

Answer 24

Cell membrane

Question 25

Outer covering of a cell also called plasma membrane

Answer 25

Cell membrane

Question 26

Outer embryonic layer that differentiates to form the epidermis, nervous tissue and sense organs

Answer 26

Ectoderm

Question 27

Plasma membrane extension that moves substances from one area to the next

Answer 27

Cilia

Question 28

Primary site for partial ribosome assembly

Answer 28

Nucleous

Question 29

Produces the energy for all cellular work

Answer 29

Mitochondria

Question 30

proteins that move nutrients and wastes across the membrane.

Answer 30

transport protein

Question 31

Provides shape, strength, and mobility to cells

Answer 31

Cytoskeleton

Question 32

Selectively permeable boundary surrounding all cells (Also known as the cell membrane)

Answer 32

plasma membrane

Question 33

Selectively permeable boundary surrounding all cells; also known as the cell membrane

Answer 33

Plasma Membrane

Question 34

separation of the cytoplasm during cell division

Answer 34

cytokinesis

Question 35

Study of tissue

Answer 35

Histology

Question 36

Study of tissue

Answer 36

Histology

Question 37

The chemical processes that happen in the body to sustain life

Answer 37

Metabolism

Question 38

the membrane can control which substances can pass through it

Answer 38

selectively permeable

Question 39

the middle of the three primary germ layers of an embryo; the source of many bodily tissues and structures

Answer 39

mesoderm

Question 40

the process by which cells create proteins

Answer 40

protein synthesis

Question 41

The study of cells

Answer 41

Cytology

Question 42

These stem cells are able to produce themselves or differentiate into any type of body tissue

Answer 42

Pluripotent

Question 43

Type of effector protein; Creates a microscopic canal to allow specific ions to pass through the membrane

Answer 43

Channel Protein

Question 44

Type of protein that breaks down abs synthesizes molecules

Answer 44

Enzyme