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Biology-Cell Structure > Cell Structure Revision Carousel > Flashcards

Cell Structure Revision Carousel Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure and function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

-A stack of flattened membrane bound sacs
-Vesicles from RER join at cis face where they are modified by adding sugar to make glycoproteins and adding lipids to make glycolipids
-Modified proteins are pinched off from the trans face into transport vesicles

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2
Q

What is the structure and function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

A

-A system of fluid filled membranes studded with ribosomes
-Continuous with the nuclear membrane
-Large Surface Area formed by folding enabling lots of protein synthesis
-Proteins pinched off in vesicle transported to the Golgi Apparatus

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3
Q

What is the structure and function of the cilia?

A

-9 pairs of micro tubules surround 2 lone micro tubules
-Membrane covers whole thing
-Present in great numbers
-Move together in a wafting pattern to move single celled organisms
-When present on tissues, waft to move fluids e.g. mucus

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4
Q

What is the structure and function of the ribosomes?

A

-2 subunits, large and small
-Made of rRNA
-Where proteins are synthesised

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5
Q

What are the main structure of all eukaryotic cells?

A

-Nucleus
-Nucleolus
-Cytoplasm
-Cytoskeleton
-Plasma Membrane
-Mitochondria
-Golgi Apparatus
-SER
-RER
-Ribosomes

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6
Q

What is the structure and function of the flagella?

A

-9 pairs of micro tubules surround 2 lone micro tubules
-Membrane covers whole thing
-Used for moving unicellulaar organisms around

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7
Q

What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?

A

-Plasma Membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Ribosomes
-DNA and RNA

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8
Q

What is the structure and function of the nucleolus?

A

-Made of RNA
-Produces Ribosomes

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9
Q

Which structure are involved in the production of proteins?

A

-Nucleus
-RER
-Transport Vesicle
-Golgi Apparatus

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10
Q

What is the structure and function of the nuclear envelope?

A

-A double membrane embedded with channel proteins forming pores
-Separates nucleus from rest of cell
-Pores allow ribosomes and mRNA to leave nucleus

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11
Q

What is the structure and function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

A

-A system of fluid filled membranes
-No ribosomes
-Contain enzymes for cholesterol, lipid and phospholipid synthesis

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12
Q

What is the structure and function of the centrioles?

A

-Only in animals
-2 bundles of micro tubules at right angles
-Used as an anchor point to separate chromosomes during cell division
-Form the basis of cilia

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13
Q

What is the structure and function of the lysosomes?

A

-Membrane bound sacs containing hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes
-Break down old organelles and foreign matter for reuse

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14
Q

What is the structure and function of the cytoskeleton?

A

-Microfiliaments made of actin allowing cell movement and cytokinesis
-Microtubules made of tubulinscaffold like structure to give cell shape
-Intermediate fibres to give mechanical strength and maintain integrity

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15
Q

What is the structure and function of mitochondria?

A

-Double membrane bound
-Inner membrane folded into cirstae within a fluid filled matrix
-Contains own DNA and 70s ribosomes
-Site of aerobic respiration

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16
Q

What is the structure and function of the nucleus?

A

-Surrounded by a double membrane (nuclear envelope)
-Contains chromatin (DNA wound around histones)
-Stores the human genome
-Controls the cell by providing instructions for protein synthesis

17
Q

What is the structure and function of the cell wall?

A

-Only in plants and fungi
-Provides support and strength to maintain cell’s shape to help prevent it form bursting

18
Q

What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane?

A

-Phospholipid bilayer
-Cholesterol
-Glycolipids and glycoprotiens
-Separates cell contents from external environment
-Controls what enters and leaves cells
-Identifies cell as self
-Acts as a receptor for various chemicals
-Site of chemical reactions

19
Q

What is the structure and function of the chloroplasts?

A

-Site of photosynthesis
-Double membrane bound
-Inner membrane forms flat discs filled with chlorophyll called thylakoids
-Surrounded by a fluid matrix called the stroma
-Contain own DNA and 70s ribosomes

20
Q

How do prokaryotes divide?

A

Binary Fission

Biology-Cell Structure (7 decks)

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