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Biology Comp 1 > Cell Structure And Organisation > Flashcards

Cell Structure And Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Carries DNA code for amino acids

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Synthesis of ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

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3
Q

Allows transport of mRNA

A

Nuclear pore

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4
Q

Separates cytoplasm from genetic material

A

Nuclear envelope

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5
Q

Controls what enters and exits the cell

A

Cell membrane

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6
Q

Site of cellular reactions

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

Site of aerobic respiration and formation of ATP

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

Transport and synthesis of ribosomes

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

Transport and synthesis of lipids

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

Modification of proteins, forms lysosomes

A

Golgi body

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11
Q

Used in spindle formation in animal cells

A

Centrioles

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12
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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13
Q

Contains digestive enzymes to destroy organelles only in animal cells only

A

Lysosome

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14
Q

Maintain osmotic pressure in animal cells only

A

Vesicles

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15
Q

Storage of ions and organic molecules in plants only

A

Vacuole

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16
Q

Site of photosynthesis in plants only

A

Chloroplasts

17
Q

For strength and support in plant cells only

A

Cell wall

18
Q

Exchange of large molecules and communication between plant cells only

A

Plasmodesmata

19
Q

5 similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

1) double membrane. 2) both contain DNA. 3) large surface area of membranes inside. 4) Ribosomes. 5) make ATP

20
Q

4 differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

1) matrix vs stroma. 2) cristae vs thylakoids. 3) no grana vs grana. 4) inner membrane folded vs not folded

21
Q

Equation for cell magnification

A

Magnification= Image size/ Actual size

22
Q

5 features of a virus

A

1) lipid bilayer. 2) protein in outer membrane. 3) reverse transcription enzyme. 4) protein coat. 5) DNA or RNA

23
Q

Used for movement in a prokaryote cell

A

Flagellum

24
Q

How is the DNA in a prokaryote cell?

A

Circular and free in cytoplasm

25
Q

Photosynthetic pigments in a prokaryote cell

A

Chromataphore

26
Q

Sticky coat to prevent white blood cell attacks on a prokaryote cell. Made of mucopolysaccharide

A

Capsule

27
Q

Site of cell respiration in a prokaryote cell

A

Mesosome

28
Q

Extra loop of DNA in a prokaryote cell

A

Plasmid

29
Q

Used to attach and exchange genetic material between cells in a prokaryote cell

A

Pilus

30
Q

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes ( nucleus, DNA shape, organelle form, DNA form, ribosomes size, cell wall formation, size, extra)

A

no nucleus vs nucleus with DNA. Circular DNA vs linear DNA. no membrane bound organelles vs membrane bound organelles. naked DNA vs DNA coiled around proteins. 70S vs 80S. murein wall vs cellulose/chitin wall. 0.1-10mm vs 10-100mm. flagella vs cilia

31
Q

Define tissue

A

group of similar cells working together to carry out a particular function

32
Q

Three types of tissue

A

1) Epithelial. 2) Connective. 3) Muscle

33
Q

Epithelial tissue function

A

protects cells underneath

34
Q

3 types of epithelial tissue and shapes

A

1) Squamous- thin, short diffusion pathway, alveoli. 2) Cuboidal- box shaped, secretion and reabsorption, line tubules (kidneys). 3) Columnar- cilia/ microvilli, want dust from air passages, trachea

35
Q

Connective tissue function

A

Contains collegen and connects tissues. Tendons= bone-muscle. Ligaments=bone-bone.

36
Q

Muscle tissue function

A

Contraction- protein fibres slide past each other to shorten cell

37
Q

3 types of muscle cell and functions

A

1) skeletal muscle- move limbs, forms fibres called striations. 2) Smooth muscle- move food along gut, automatic, unstriated. 3) cadiac muscle- striated, pump blood, attached to fibres by plasma membranes

Biology Comp 1 (10 decks)

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