Cell Structure And Organisation Flashcards
Carries DNA code for amino acids
Nucleus
Synthesis of ribosomes
Nucleolus
Allows transport of mRNA
Nuclear pore
Separates cytoplasm from genetic material
Nuclear envelope
Controls what enters and exits the cell
Cell membrane
Site of cellular reactions
Cytoplasm
Site of aerobic respiration and formation of ATP
Mitochondria
Transport and synthesis of ribosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Transport and synthesis of lipids
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Modification of proteins, forms lysosomes
Golgi body
Used in spindle formation in animal cells
Centrioles
Protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Contains digestive enzymes to destroy organelles only in animal cells only
Lysosome
Maintain osmotic pressure in animal cells only
Vesicles
Storage of ions and organic molecules in plants only
Vacuole
Site of photosynthesis in plants only
Chloroplasts
For strength and support in plant cells only
Cell wall
Exchange of large molecules and communication between plant cells only
Plasmodesmata
5 similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts
1) double membrane. 2) both contain DNA. 3) large surface area of membranes inside. 4) Ribosomes. 5) make ATP
4 differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts
1) matrix vs stroma. 2) cristae vs thylakoids. 3) no grana vs grana. 4) inner membrane folded vs not folded
Equation for cell magnification
Magnification= Image size/ Actual size
5 features of a virus
1) lipid bilayer. 2) protein in outer membrane. 3) reverse transcription enzyme. 4) protein coat. 5) DNA or RNA
Used for movement in a prokaryote cell
Flagellum
How is the DNA in a prokaryote cell?
Circular and free in cytoplasm
Photosynthetic pigments in a prokaryote cell
Chromataphore
Sticky coat to prevent white blood cell attacks on a prokaryote cell. Made of mucopolysaccharide
Capsule
Site of cell respiration in a prokaryote cell
Mesosome
Extra loop of DNA in a prokaryote cell
Plasmid
Used to attach and exchange genetic material between cells in a prokaryote cell
Pilus
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes ( nucleus, DNA shape, organelle form, DNA form, ribosomes size, cell wall formation, size, extra)
no nucleus vs nucleus with DNA. Circular DNA vs linear DNA. no membrane bound organelles vs membrane bound organelles. naked DNA vs DNA coiled around proteins. 70S vs 80S. murein wall vs cellulose/chitin wall. 0.1-10mm vs 10-100mm. flagella vs cilia
Define tissue
group of similar cells working together to carry out a particular function
Three types of tissue
1) Epithelial. 2) Connective. 3) Muscle
Epithelial tissue function
protects cells underneath
3 types of epithelial tissue and shapes
1) Squamous- thin, short diffusion pathway, alveoli. 2) Cuboidal- box shaped, secretion and reabsorption, line tubules (kidneys). 3) Columnar- cilia/ microvilli, want dust from air passages, trachea
Connective tissue function
Contains collegen and connects tissues. Tendons= bone-muscle. Ligaments=bone-bone.
Muscle tissue function
Contraction- protein fibres slide past each other to shorten cell
3 types of muscle cell and functions
1) skeletal muscle- move limbs, forms fibres called striations. 2) Smooth muscle- move food along gut, automatic, unstriated. 3) cadiac muscle- striated, pump blood, attached to fibres by plasma membranes
