CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS Flashcards
separated membranous compartments inside the cells of the organs of living organisms.
Cell organelles (little organs)
surrounds the cell to selectively screen the kinds of substances that go in and out of the cell.
Cell membrane
is a gel-like substance made from dissolved proteins and liquid encasing the cell and giving it a fluid nature.
Cytoplasm
(only found in eukaryotic cells)
stores the cell’s hereditary DNA and controls cellular activities like growth, metabolism, protein synthesis and reproduction.
Nucleus
a sub organelle of the nucleus composed of proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNA) whose role is to assemble rRNA codes for protein synthesis.
Nucleolus
a double membrane lipid layer enclosing the nucleus to protect the DNA and nucleoplasm.
Nuclear envelope
permeable barriers that limit the entry of proteins and RNA but allow the free passage of water, ATP, ions and other small molecules.
Nuclear pores
gelatinous liquid inside the nucleus containing the enzymes and nucleotides.
Nucleoplasm
cellular bundles made up of complex macro molecules of DNA, RNA and protein.
Chromatin
site of cellular respiration and the production of ATP energy molecules which gave it the title “powerhouse of the cell”.
Mitochondrion
the network of membranous tubules that transport the materials needed by the cell (nutrients, enzymes, hormones, etc.).
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The grainy rough structure comes from its attached ribosomes and is in charge of the manufacture of glycoproteins.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
The absence of ribosomes makes it smooth while taking charge of the metabolism/synthesis of carbohydrates, lipid, enzymes, etc.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
consist of stacks of flattened sacs called cisternae that receive proteins and fats from the rough ER for processing/packing into sealed droplets called vesicles that would then be stored and distributed to the other parts of the cell.
Golgi bodies
membrane-enclosed sac for storing essential materials while disposing off poisonous or harmful wastes.
Vacuole
an organelle found only in animal cells that is responsible for intra cellular digestion with the help of hydrolytic enzymes stored in its membranes that are powerful enough to break down macromolecules.
Lysosome
found exclusively in plant cells and contains the green chlorophyll pigments which, together with the action of sunlight and H2O in the process called photosynthesis, manufactures food for the entire plant.
Chloroplast
is a membranous compartment of flattened sacs that in turn are made up of several stacks called grana.
This is the site of storage/distribution for the manufactured plant food
Thylakoid
highly concentrated fluid composed of enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes where with/without sunlight, photosynthesis occurs and carbon dioxide is converted to glucose.
Stroma
