Cell Division

Question 1

consists of sequential phases of events wherein the parent cell divides and replicates DNA materials to produce two daughter cells.

Answer 1

cell cycle

Question 2

A five-stage process of cell division solely for eukaryotic cells where in the replicated traits of the chromosomes separate into two new nuclei

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

This starting stage of the mitotic phase sees the chromatin of the nucleus condensing to form chromosomes.

Answer 3

Prophase

Question 4

It is the transition stage wherein the nuclear envelope breaks down causing interaction of the spindle and the chromosomes to form spindle fibers that will then bind with the kinetochore of the centromere.

Answer 4

Prometaphase

Question 5

Occurs after the spindle fibers have attached to the kinetochores, from whence they begin moving to the center poles to eventually align with the metaphase plate

Answer 5

Metaphase

Question 6

Involves the replicated chromosomes called daughter chromatids splitting apart and moving towards the opposite poles of the cell

Answer 6

Anaphase

Question 7

Sees the shortening of the microtubules of the kinetochores thereby pulling the pair of chromatid sisters towards the opposite poles

Answer 7

Telophase

Question 8

It is a two-round set of cell division stages occurring solely among eukaryotic cells with gametes.
Its end result shall be the reduction of chromosome number into half.

Answer 8

Meiosis 1

Question 9

Involves the sorting and pairing up of homologous chromosomes (genes with similar traits) from both male parent and female parent resulting to a thick four-strand tetrad of two diploid cells

Answer 9

Meiosis 1

Question 10

Sees homologous chromosomes from both parents pairing up into tetrads (synapsis) and exchanging DNA (homologous recombination) resulting in crossovers of new combination of alleles

Answer 10

Prophase 1

Question 11

It consists of homologous pairs moving together and aligning with the metaphase plate.
This stage also sees a protein substance called cohesin binding the replicated sister chromatids.

Answer 11

Metaphase 1

Question 12

During this phase, the homologous chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.

Answer 12

Anaphase 1

Question 13

It sees the pair of chromosomes reaching the opposite poles with their chromosomal number halved.
The spindles disappear, two new nuclear membrane is formed encasing each of the haploid daughter cells, and the cell also divides into two.

Answer 13

Telophase 1

Question 14

These stages are very similar to mitosis.

The final output shall yield four daughter cells from the pair of haploid cells produced in Meiosis 1.

Answer 14

Meiosis 2

Question 15

Sees the disappearance of both the nuclear envelope and the nucleoli while the chromatids condense and the centromeres move to the poles and assemble spindle fibers for the next cell division

Answer 15

Prophase 2

Question 16

Involves the two kinetochores of the centromeres attaching to the spindle fibers of the centrosomes of the opposite poles to align at the metaphase plate

Answer 16

Metaphase 2

Question 17

Consists of the centromeres breaking up and the sister chromatids moving to the opposite poles and thereby becoming unreplicated and individual chromosomes

Answer 17

Anaphase 2

Question 18

Is similar to Telophase 1 but instead of two daughter cells four will be produced

Answer 18

Telophase 2

Question 19

Describes the cell’s daily functions of growth, metabolism, and the copying of DNA in preparation for either mitosis or meiosis

Answer 19

Interphase

Question 20

Sees the cell preparing for DNA replication by increasing its metabolism, proteins, and available organelles

Answer 20

Gap1 (G1) Stage

Question 21

Involves the actual replication of DNA materials leading to the doubling of the cell’s chromosomal number

Answer 21

Synthesis (S) Stage

Question 22

Sees the cell continuing to grow in preparation for mitosis or meiosis

Answer 22

Gap2 (G2) Stage

Question 23

In eukaryotic cells, it sees the nuclear membrane dividing into two and will produce two daughter cells with inherent traits similar to the parent cell.

Answer 23

Cytokinesis

Question 24

In prokaryotic cells, it is very much similar to cytokinesis except for the absence of a nucleus and spindle fibers.
This is how prokaryotic cells divide.

Answer 24

Binary fission

Question 25

This is the cell cycle checkpoint that determines whether the DNA has been replicated correctly.

Answer 25

The G2 checkpoint

Question 26

Why is it necessary for the DNA to replicate prior to cell division?

Answer 26

each daughter cell will have a complete copy of the genetic material from the parent cell.

Question 27

An abnormal mass of cancer cells is called a __.

Answer 27

Tumour

Question 28

What could be the cause for a cell to undergo apoptosis?

Answer 28

Radiation and DNA damage

Question 29

a diagnostic procedure that involves removing a tissue sample from a patient

Answer 29

biopsy

Question 30

The cell doubles the number of organelles and accumulates resources for DNA replication in which phase of Interphase cell division?

Answer 30

The S phase (or synthesis phase)